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标题: 中考英语阅读理解易错(一) [打印本页]
作者: 小实 时间: 2012-6-17 21:31
标题: 中考英语阅读理解易错(一)
无视主题,以点带面
易错点扫描
1. 阅读时,没能掌握文章的主题或忽视了主题。
2. 做题时,只知其一,不知其二。
范例剖析
【例题】 (2007年重庆)Jack Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington. He inherited(继承) a million dollars when he was 23, but he wasn’t happy at all. …… He gave ﹩10,000 of his money to a charity(慈善机构) to help poor children live a better life. Today he is 36. He still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small car only, but he is very happy……
文章最后一题:What’s the main idea of the story?
A. Help others, and you will feel happy.
B. It’s necessary to write letters to poor children.
C. Live a simple life, and you can give others help.
D. It’s the most important to help the children in Africa.
【典型错误】 B、C、D
【错因分析】 阅读时不能紧紧抓住文章主题,或者没有把握住作者写作此文的真正意图,只记住了一些零星事实而偏离了主旨轨道。本题的B、C、D都涉及了穷苦的孩子或者帮助别人的话题,但是都是片面理解文章之意。
【正确答案】 A。
【归纳拓展】对这类文章主题思想归纳题,同学们应注意揣摩作者的写作意图以及文章的主旨,切忌片面、狭隘引申或简单重述文中某些内容,从而避免其他干扰项的影响。
阅读理解易错点拨
1.如何获取段落的主旨和大意
获取段落主旨和大意,最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点:
(1)表述的意思比较概括,相对其他主句来看,这种概括性更为明显。
(2)句子结构比较简单,多数都不会采用长、难句的形式。
(3)段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释支撑主题句所表述的主题思想。
2. 如何根据上下文猜测词义
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读试题中有不少这样的题目。猜测词义时,我们可以从三个方面来考虑:(1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑性推理;(2)运用语法知识进行语法分析;(3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。
根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种:
①根据定义或解释猜测词义。如:A bag is useful and the word “bag”is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases. One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…Now when someone lets out a secret, he“lets the cat out of the bag”.
短文后面有这样一个阅读理解题:John “lets the cat out of the bag”means he _______.
A. makes everyone know a secret.
B. makes a woman buy a cat.
C. buys a cat in the bag.
D. sells the cat in the bag.
在这篇文章里,“lets the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语,但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”,根据这一解释,我们就可以判断出正确答案应为A。
②根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。
例如:In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures are very different from winter temperatures. Summer is usually hot, and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool.
文后有这样一道阅读理解题:The word “fall”in this passage means ______.
A. drop
B. down
C. autumn
D. spring
尽管fall一词,课本里没有出现过,但根据文中的并列关系,文中出现了夏季、冬季和春季,我们就可以猜出fall 就是autumn.
除了前面提到的方法外,还可以根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。
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