标题: NCE2 Lesson 62 Affer the fire笔记 [打印本页] 作者: jakke 时间: 2012-6-21 16:35 标题: NCE2 Lesson 62 Affer the fire笔记 Lesson 62 Affer the fire
【New words and expressions】
control n. 控制
smoke n. 烟
desolate adj. 荒凉的
threaten v. 威胁
surrounding adj. 周围的
destruction n. 破坏，毁灭
flood n. 洪水，水灾
authority n. （常用复数）当局
grass-seed n. 草籽
spray v. 喷撒
quantity n. 量
root n. 根
century n. 世纪
patch n. 小片
blacken v. 变黑，发暗
★control n. 控制
in control 在控制之内
under control 在控制之下,被控制
out of control 失控
control<v.> sth.
I can control it. =I can manage it. 我能对付(口语)
under arrest <n.> 被逮捕
★smoke n. 烟（雾）
full of smoke 充满烟雾
smokey adj. 多烟的（名词加-y, 变为形容词）
smokey area 吸烟区 ； nonsmokey area 禁烟区
rain – rainy ； cloud - cloudy
smoker n. 抽烟的人
heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人 ； nonsmoker 不抽烟的人
smoke v. 吸烟
Don't smoke! = No smoking!
He smoked heavily.
smoking area / smoking room 吸烟室
smoking apartment 火车上的吸烟车厢
cigarette = cigar n. 香烟
★threaten v. 威胁的
threaten to do sth. 威胁着要做……（与人相连）；有迹象表明……
It threatened to rain. 有迹象表明天要下雨了。
threaten sb. with sth. 以……来威胁/恐吓某人
The thief threatened him with a knife.
The whole village is threatened with destruction.
★surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings [] n. 环境(在周边的事物)
atmosphere [] n. 大气层, 氛围(在周边的人文环境)
★destruction n. 破坏, 毁灭
destroy v. 破坏
destructive adj. 毁灭性的
construct v. 建设(为……创造更好的条件)
construction n. 建设, 建筑
construction bank 建设银行
constructive adj. 建设性的(意见)
build v. 建设(具体的建某物)
★flood n. 洪水, 水灾
flood = floods 都对，都可以用，无区别
★authority [] n. 当局(常用复数authorities)
authority n. 权威（单数）
★spray v. 喷撒
spray sth. over/on 往……上喷洒
spray water over/on flower
spray grass-seed over/on the ground
★quantity n. （数）量
quantities of 大量的……
quality n. 质量
sth. with good quality 具有好质量的东西
★root n. 根
What is the root cause? 根本原因是什么？
root of… ……的根
take root 生根
come out 长出来
shoot come out 发芽（shoot n. 芽）
flower come out 开花
get out 出去
★patch n. 小片，颜色和周围不同的部分
patch n. (平面上的)一片, 补丁(本意)
What is that yellow patch on the wall? 墙上那块黄斑是什么？
a patch of 一小片 ；patches of 许多片
There are patches of cloud in the sky.
a piece of / a bit of / a sheet of 一片，一块……
★blacken v. 变黑，发暗
The smoke has blacken the walls. 烟把墙熏黑了。
-en后缀表示动词，译为“使……变得……”
weak adj. 虚弱的 ——> weaken v. 使……变弱，削弱
复合词（由两个词组合而成一个词），如fireman
派生词（加前缀或后缀的词）如-tion —— 名词后缀； - less —— 形容词后缀
【Text】
Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.
【课文讲解】
1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
fight sth. 和……作搏斗
get it under control表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使……处于某种状态”的含义，“get+宾语+介词短语”作宾补:
The Government can no longer keep prices under control. 政府已控制不住物价。
Get the room in order.
2、A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
a short time before和a short time ago都可以与段时间相连
a short time before 不久以前，从过去某一点时间算起，一段时间以前
a short time ago 过去某段时间，从现在算起，一段时间以前
for miles around 方圆几英里（around表示“在周围，向四周”）
This is the only modern building for miles around.
3、Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.
rise up (from) 升上来
smoke rise up (烟、雾)弥漫
4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.
winter was coming on 冬季即将来临 (季节的来临的通用表达式)，come on的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的“到来，来临”：
When spring comes on, there will be flowers everywhere.
I was still in the forest when night came on.
wash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉
A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.
I can’t wash the spot away.
5、When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.
put out 扑灭
order 定购
type 强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同的特征的种类，与kind有区别
6、The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.
quantity单数时仅表示“数量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：
They drank a large /great /small quantity of beer last night.
quantity复数时表示“大量”：
He bought books in (large) quantities.
7、By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.
take root表示“生根”，这个短语也可以表示某处思想/想法等“扎根”：
This type of grass takes root easily.
The idea has taken root in his mind.
8、In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.
in place of 替代，取代 (只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了)
In place of a cup , I put a vase there. 以前放的是茶杯，现在放的是花瓶。
Jane answered the phone in place of Mary.
instead of 替代+没做的事
Instead of staying home, I went to school. （此句就不能用“in place of”，而指地点空间时，既可以用“in place of”也可以用“instead of”。）