专有名词 | 普通名词 | |||
国名.地名.人名, 团体.机构名称 | 可数名词 | 不可数名词 | ||
个体名词 | 集体名词 | 抽象名词 | 物质名词 | |
规则 | 例词 | ||
1 | 一般情况在词尾加-s | map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days | |
2 | 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es | class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes | |
3 | 以-f或-fe结尾的词 | 变-f和-fe为v再加-es | leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives |
加-s | belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs | ||
4 | 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es | party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities | |
5 | 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s | toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys | |
6 | 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 | 一般加-es | hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes |
不少外来词加-s | piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos | ||
两者皆可 | zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos | ||
7 | 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s | radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos | |
8 | 以-th结尾的名词加-s | truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, |
规则 | 例词 | ||
1 | 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 | man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice | |
2 | 单复数相同 | sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, | |
3 | 只有复数形式 | ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents | |
4 | 一些集体名词总是用作复数 | people, police, cattle, staff | |
5 | 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) | audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party | |
6 | 复数形式表示特别含义 | customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) | |
7 | 表示“某国人” | 加-s | Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans |
单复数同形 | Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese | ||
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women | Englishmen, Frenchwomen | ||
8 | 合成名词 | 将主体名词变为复数 | sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends |
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 | grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches | ||
将两部分变为复数 | women singers, men servants |
单数名词在末尾加’s | the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, | |
复数名词 | 一般在末尾加’ | the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, |
不规则复数名词后加’s | the children’s toys, women’s rights, |
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