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标题: 2013中考英语语法专题之形容词副词 [打印本页]
作者: 世纪之星 时间: 2012-11-5 16:21
标题: 2013中考英语语法专题之形容词副词
adj.表示人和事物的特征,对名词起修饰和描绘作用
adv. 表示动作特征或性状,主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子
一、形容词、副词的比较级
1.原级:表示A与B在某方面相同。
句型:1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B
2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + B
注意:not as / so… as = less …than 不及;不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don’t eat so much as I.
3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比较级:两者进行比较(常与than连用)
1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。
2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。
3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。
4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?
3.最高级:三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in , of短语连用)
( 注意:of + 个体名词单数 in + 集合名词 )
eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)He runs fastest in our class.
3)He is the tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?
4.形、副比较等级的其他用法
1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”
eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒
(但注意:如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮
2) “the比较级,the比较级” “越……,越……”
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懒,收获越少。
3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较……的一个”
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________
4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”
eg. He’s a head taller than me.
My brother is two years older than me
5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。
6)区别older / elder与farther / further
older(年龄较老的)
elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距离“较远的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua.
二、形、副比较等级还应注意
1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多 ; 更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意:不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。
2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)The apples in this basketare redder than in that basket.
2)Our bedroom is bigger than Lily.
3.表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“second , third, …”(但“第一”不能用first)
eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改错:________________
4.形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则
A、规则变化
①一般在词尾加er或est
②以e结尾的只加r或st
③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est
④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或est
5.多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级
6、不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/wellbetterbest
many/muchmoremost
bad/ill/badlyworseworst
littlelessleast
oldolder/elderoldest/eldest
farfarther
furtherfarthest
furthest
4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________
5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语,如:ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
三、注意:副词的种类、用法及位置
1.副词的种类
(1)时间副词
①表示大体时间:now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,sO faf
②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never
③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally
(2)地点副词
①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere
②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along
(3)方式副词 表示谓语动词“怎样地”,(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成):badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly
(4)程度副词 多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,a bit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly
(5)疑问副词 构成特殊疑问句:how,when, where,why
(6)连接副词 连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why
(7)关系副词 引导定语从句:when,where,why
(8)其它性质的副词 对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(一般说来),luckily(幸运地是),first of all(首先)等。
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