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标题: 新目标八年级下册期末复习提纲(二)units 6--10 [打印本页]

作者: vivian19820613 时间: 2013-6-21 10:48
标题: 新目标八年级下册期末复习提纲(二)units 6--10

Grammar

1. 现在完成时

(1) 用法：动作到现在已经完成或刚刚完成;

过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的结果和影响；

过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

(2) 基本结构：have/has + V.过去分词

(3) 时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段时间, since + 过去的时间点/过去时的从句，等。

(4) 注意事项:

A. 现在完成时是现在的时态,重点表达目前的结果和状态;

B. 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用for + 时间段, since +点时间连用。对for与since短语提问用how long。

C. 现在完成时从不与when引起的疑问句联用。

D. have been to：去过…

have gone to：去了…

have been in：呆在…

E. 短暂性动词变为延续性动词：

buy --- have had borrow --- have kept

join --- have been in / have been a member of

become --- have been a member make friends --- have been friends

die --- have been dead get to know --- have known

come/go to do --- have done catch a cold --- have had a cold

begin/start to do --- have done

begin / start --- have been on

enter / come / arrive / get to / reach --- have been in/at

go / leave for / set off / set out --- have been away from

2. since，for在现在完成（进行）时中的用法差异

(1) since 后接过去的时间点或一般过去时的从句。

He has been an English teacher since three years ago.

We have known each other since we came to study in this university.

(2) for后接时间段

He has lived here for three years.

3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。

而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：

He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）

He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（并不涉及他现在是否住在这里）

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