三、归纳短文改错错误类型[size=+0]:
([size=+0]一[size=+0]) [size=+0]词法的测试
1.[size=+0]名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。
eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
Hobby[size=+0]是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；[size=+0]playing football[size=+0]是一项运动，[size=+0]football[size=+0]只是一种球； [size=+0]sing[size=+0]和[size=+0]listen to [size=+0]要用动名词形式。
2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise[size=+0]作运动讲是不可数名词，[size=+0]do exercise[size=+0]作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；[size=+0]healthy[size=+0]是形容词， 这里要用名词形式。
3) Reading books is one of my hobby.
one of [size=+0]后的名词应用复数形式。
2. [size=+0]代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的
内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。[要学习网,中学生最喜欢的学习论坛；地址 www.yaoxuexi.cn 手机版地址 wap.yaoxuexi.cn]
1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是[size=+0]he[size=+0]而后面却用[size=+0]her[size=+0]来代，故应将[size=+0]her[size=+0]改为[size=+0]him.
2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.
[size=+0]先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词[size=+0]that [size=+0]而不是[size=+0]which[size=+0]。
3. [size=+0]冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改[size=+0]
错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用[size=+0]an[size=+0]用了[size=+0]a[size=+0]，该用[size=+0]a(n)[size=+0]却用了[size=+0]the.
1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things…
letter[size=+0]为可数名词[size=+0],[size=+0]故[size=+0]write[size=+0]后应加[size=+0]a.
2) I like playing the football. [size=+0]去[size=+0]the
3) He is a honest boy. a[size=+0]改为[size=+0]an
4. [size=+0]介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，
介词惯用词组等是否正确。
1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
thank sb. for sth.[size=+0]为固定搭配，故应将[size=+0]with [size=+0]改为[size=+0]for.
2) …I’m the happiest in all.
此句想表达的意思是[size=+0]“[size=+0]我是所有人中最高兴的[size=+0]”[size=+0]。故应将[size=+0]in[size=+0]改为 [size=+0]of.
3) Under the help of my father, I … under [size=+0]改为 [size=+0]with
4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in [size=+0]改为[size=+0]on
5. [size=+0]形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误
用也是常考的改错项目之一。
1) I had not interest in English .interest[size=+0]是名词，应用形容词[size=+0]no[size=+0]来修饰，而[size=+0]not[size=+0]是副词，副词不能修饰名
2) These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.(NMET2007)
此处有[size=+0]I’ve ever seen[size=+0]限定，应用最高级，故[size=+0]happier[size=+0]应改为 [size=+0]happiest.
3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy [size=+0]改为[size=+0]easily.
4) These books are very worth reading. [size=+0]用[size=+0]well [size=+0]修饰
6. [size=+0]连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否[size=+0]
符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此
外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题
平行结构常借助与并列连词[size=+0]and , or , but ,
not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as[size=+0]等。
1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.
[size=+0]由于前句有[size=+0]As[size=+0]引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用[size=+0]so,[size=+0]故应把[size=+0]so [size=+0]去掉。[size=+0]
2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.
[size=+0]根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，
所以[size=+0]but[size=+0]应改为[size=+0]and[size=+0]或[size=+0]so.[size=+0]这是典型的并列连词误用。
7. [size=+0]动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误[size=+0]
[size=+0]包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误[size=+0]; [size=+0]动[size=+0]
词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。
1) [size=+0]动词的时态、语态错误
a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos[size=+0]动作发生在过去，应用过去时[size=+0].
b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.
[size=+0]根据本句意义，[size=+0]should[size=+0]后应加上[size=+0]been[size=+0]，构成被动语态。
c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.
playing[size=+0]改为 [size=+0]play; for [size=+0]改为[size=+0]with
2) [size=+0]易混动词使用错误
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
persuade [size=+0]意为[size=+0]“[size=+0]说服[size=+0]”[size=+0]，强调成功的结果，而根据下句 [size=+0]he
didn’t listen[size=+0]可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改[size=+0]persuaded[size=+0]为 [size=+0]advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
rise[size=+0]是不及物动词，而[size=+0]raise[size=+0]是及物动词，所以举手应用[size=+0]
raise your hands.[size=+0]这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。
3) [size=+0]非谓语动词使用错误
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
look forward to [size=+0]中的[size=+0]to[size=+0]是介词，应加动名词，将[size=+0]see[size=+0]改为[size=+0]seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.
在任何情况下[size=+0]keep[size=+0]均和[size=+0]doing[size=+0]连用，如[size=+0]keep doing sth.;
keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep …from doing… [size=+0]等[size=+0].
c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
to[size=+0]后加[size=+0]be[size=+0]。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用[size=+0]to.
8. [size=+0]词语固定搭配[size=+0]:
主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、
动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
keep a diary[size=+0]是固定搭配，意思是[size=+0]“[size=+0]写日记[size=+0]”.
2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
To one’s surprise [size=+0]是固定搭配
3) I thought that was dull to watch a game…(NMET2005)
此题考查[size=+0]it[size=+0]的功能，[size=+0]It + be + adj. + to do[size=+0]为固定结构。
4) …the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.[size=+0]解析：[size=+0]
not only… but also…[size=+0]为固定结构，故将[size=+0]and [size=+0]改为[size=+0]but.
5) I have no difficulty learn maths.
have difficulty (in) doing sth.[size=+0]为固定结构
6) He spends too much time play games.
spend some time (in) doing sth.[size=+0]为固定结构
([size=+0]二[size=+0]) [size=+0]句法的测试：
1[size=+0]主谓语在数上的一致；
I hope everything are ok with you. are [size=+0]改为[size=+0]is
2[size=+0]名词性从句；
A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that[size=+0]是连词，在从句中无任何意义，而后面的宾语从句缺宾语，用[size=+0]what[size=+0]引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。
3[size=+0]定语从句；
This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.
them[size=+0]改为 [size=+0]which
4[size=+0]强调句型；[size=+0]It is/was +[size=+0]被强调的部分[size=+0]+that/who…
It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when[size=+0]改为[size=+0]that
5[size=+0]句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。
(三[size=+0])[size=+0]语篇的测试 语篇的测试包括：
1[size=+0]上下文中的时态是否一致；
2[size=+0]上下文中的代词是否一致；
3[size=+0]上下文中的逻辑是否一致；
4[size=+0]上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。
[size=+0]
