自学新概念英语第一册笔记 Lessons21-22

学以致用

　　课文详注  Further notes on the text

　　1．Give me a book please, Jane.请拿本书给我，简。

　　这是一个祈使句。祈使句表示请求或命令。（请参见Lessons 13～14语法部分的说明。）表示客气的请求时，通常加please。

　　2．Which book? 哪一本？

　　是Which book do you want?的省略形式。下文中的This one? 是Do you want this one?的省略形式。No, not that one是No, I do not want that one的省略形式。口语中常用这样的省略句。

　　3．This  one?是这本吗？

　　相当于：Do you want this one? one是不定代词，代替 a book，以避免重复。one的复数形式是ones。one和ones前面都可用定冠词，也可有自己的定语。如：

　　4．数字1，010，1，011，1，016的英文写法

　　　 1，010----a thousand and ten

　　　 1，011----a thousand and eleven

　　　 1，016----a thousand and sixteen

　　语法  Grammar in use

　　1．人称代词

　　代词，顾名思义，就是用来代替名词或名词短语的词，在已经知道所指的是谁或什么的情况下使用，以免行文重复。人称代词有主格和宾格之分。在陈述句中，主格代词差不多总是位于动词之前。宾格代词可代替处于宾语位置上的名词，它们可以作直接宾语和间接宾语。

　　Give me/him/her/us/them a book. 给我/他/她/我们/他（她）们一本书。（宾格代词）

　　2．which引导的特殊疑问句（请参见Lessons 5～6中语法部分的说明。）

　　用which +名词可询问物体（单数或复数）或物质。which总是说明一种限定的、特指的选择。如：

　　Which book/books do you prefer? 你喜欢哪本／哪些书？

　　Which car do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种汽车？

　　词汇学习  Word study

　　1．large与big

　　（1）large仅指物理量值的大，是small的反义词。

　　     large主要指体积、面积、形状、数量方面的大，修饰人时指个子大。如：

　     　China is a large country. 中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家。

　　     Look at that large woman in white.瞧那个身穿白色衣服、个子高大的女人。

　　（2）big所表示的大，主要指不仅体积大而且很重。所以a large box未必big。big在修饰人时，主要指大人物，但个子未必高大。如：

　　     It is a big house. 这是一所大房子。（此句指不仅体积大，而且给人深刻的或结实的印象。）

　　     She's very big in the filmdom. 她在电影界中是个响当当的人物。（此句指不仅成功，且具有很大的影响力。）

　　2．small与little

　　（1）small指物理量值的小或少，是large的反义词，不带什么感情色彩。如：

　　     It is a small factory. 这是一个小新概念。

　　     I want the small one with the yellow handle. 我想要带新概念把手的那个小的。

　　（2）little也表示小或少，但有小而可爱的感情色彩，是big的反义词。如：

　　     There is a little garden behind our house. 我们的屋后有个小花园。（此句表示花园虽小，但很可爱。）

         She has the sweetest little smiles. 她的微笑十分甜蜜可爱。

　　练习答案  Key to written exercises

　　Lesson 22

　　A

　　1  Is this Nicola's coat? No, it's not. Her coat  is grey.

　　2  Are these your pens? No, they're not. My pens are blue.

　　3  Is this Mr. Jackson's hat? No, it's not. His hat is black.

　　4  Are these the  children's books? No, they're not. Their books are red.

　　

　　5  Is this Helen's dog? No, it's  not. Her dog is brown and white.

　　6  Is this your father's tie? No, it's not. His tie is orange.

　　B

　　1 - Give me a cup please.

　　    -Which one? This dirty one?

　　    -No, not this dirty one. That clean one.

　　    -Here you are.

　　    -Thank you.

　　2  -Give me a glass please.

　　    -Which one? This empty one?

　　    -No, not this empty one. That full one.

　　    -Here you are.

　　    -Thank you.

　　3 - Give me a bottle please.

　　    -Which one? This large one?

　　    -No, not this large one. That small one.

　　    -Here you are.

　　    -Thank you.

　　4  -Give me a box please.

　　    -Which one? This big one?

　　    -No, not this big one. That little one.

　　    -Here you are.

　　    -Thank you.

　　5  -Give me a tin please.

　　    -Which one? This new one?

　　    -No, not this new one. That old one.

　　    -Here you are.

　　    -Thank you.

　　6  -Give me a knife please.

　　    -Which one? This sharp one?

　　    -No, not this sharp one. That blunt one.

　　    -Here you are.

　　    -Thank you.

　　7  -Give me a spoon please.

　　    -Which one? This new one?

　　    -No, not this new one. That old one.

　　    -Here you are.

　　    -Thank you.

　　8  -Give me a fork please.

　　    -Which one? This large one?

　　    -No, not this large one. That small one.

　　    -Here you are.

　　    -Thank you.