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课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.…the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field.……孩子们在田野中央搭起了帐篷。
in the middle of表示"在……当中"、"在……中间",既可以用于表示地理位置,又可以用于表示时间或在某个过程当中:
He heard someone shouting in the middle of the night.午夜前后,他听到有人大声叫喊。
Mary was in the middle of reading when her aunt arrived.玛丽的姑妈到达时,玛丽正在读书。
in the centre of(在……中部/中央)则一般用于表示地理位置:
Alice Spring is a small town in the centre of Australia.艾利斯斯普林斯是澳大利亚中部的一个小镇。
2.…they cooked a meal over an open fire.……他们就在篝火上烧起了饭。
open fire指无遮盖的、没有围起来的火,如篝火、盆火等。
3.…they told stories and sang songs by the campfire.……(他们)就围在营火旁讲起了故事,唱起了歌。介词by表示"在……旁边"、"靠近",通常指距离非常近:
Come and sit by me.过来靠我坐。
There are many trees by the river.河边有许多树。
4.But some time later it began to rain.但过了一阵子,天下起雨来。
副词 later表示"后来"、"以后"、"过后":
He told me he would come again later (on).他告诉我他以后会再来的。
I met her again a few days later.几天以后我又遇见了她。
5.The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent! 那小溪弯弯曲曲穿过田野,然后正好从他们的帐篷底下流过去!
(1)wind表示"曲折而行"时,既可以是及物动词,又可以是不及物动词:
The car wound through the village.汽车曲曲折折地穿过村子。
The river winds its way through this district.这条河弯弯曲曲地流经这个地区。
(2)right在此处表示强调,意为"正好"、"恰恰"、"就"。这种用法多见于口语中:
I met him right here.我就是在这里见到他的。
He hit the man right on the nose.他正好打中那人的鼻子。
语法 Grammar in use
一般过去时(cf.第3课语法)
在并列句中,各分句在时态上通常要保持一致。在叙述过去发生的事件时,动词基本上都用一般过去时,但有时也会出现过去完成时和过去进行时,它们的同时使用并不违反动词的"一致原则":
They all leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field.
他们全都跳出睡袋,跑到外面。雨下得很大,他们发现地上已经形成了一条小溪。
由于一般过去时常常表示过去某个特定的时间发生的事件,因此,它常与when,where等疑问词连用。除了时间状语可以表示特定的时间之外,地点状语也可以暗示或包括特定的时间:
Where did you last see her?你最近在什么地方见过她?
一般过去时与一般现在时在上下文中同时使用可以表示对比:
词汇学习 Word study
1.smell
(1)vt.嗅,闻:
I love to smell flowers.我喜欢闻花。
I'm smelling the fish to see if it's all right.我正在闻这条鱼,看看它是否还新鲜。
I (can) smell something burning.我(能)闻到什么东西烧焦的气味。
(2)vi.闻起来有……气味,散发……气味:
This fish smells bad.这鱼馊了。
You smell of soap.你身上有肥皂味。
(3)n.气味:
I can't stand the smell in this room.我受不了这房间里的气味。
There is a sweet smell in the air.空气中有种芳香味。
2.form
(1)vi.形成,产生:
During the conversation ,an idea formed in his mind.在谈话的过程中,他有了一个主意。
Ice forms when it is cold enough.如果冷到一定的程度,冰就会形成。
(2)n.形状,外形:
The ice cream is made in the form of a ball.冰淇淋做成球形。
I don't like the form of the cake.我不喜欢这蛋糕的形状。
(3)n.表格:
If you want to enter for the competition, you must fill in these forms.如果你想报名参加比赛,你必须填写这些表格。
3.与put有关的短语动词
在第6课和第7课的语法中,我们学习了短语动词。与put有关的短语动词我们学过 put on和 put out:
I'm putting on my coat.我正在穿衣服。
…they put out the fire and crept into their tent.
……他们扑灭了篝火,钻进了帐篷。
与put有关的动词短语还有put up, put down, put off, put away等:
(1)put up可以有"建造"、"搭建"、"为……提供膳宿"、"夜宿"等含义,而put up with则表示"容忍"、"忍受":
They put up their tent in the middle of a field.他们在田野中央搭起了帐篷。
It's raining heavily. We must put them up tonight.雨下得很大。我们今晚必须为他们安排住宿。
I can't believe that he can put up with this.我无法相信他能容忍这件事。
(2) put down有"写下"、"记录下"的含义:
(3) put off可以表示"推迟"、"拖延":
Do your exercises now. Don't put them off until tomorrow.现在就做作业。别拖到明天。
The meeting has been put off.会议推迟了。
(4)put away可以表示"把……收起"、"放好":
Put these books away, please.请把这些书收起来。
I have put away all my clothes.我把我所有的衣服都放好了。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1.关键句型练习答案
A put up(1.1); was done…cooked (1.2);smelled (1.3);told…sang(1.4);began(1.5);felt(1.5);put out…crept(11.5-6);slept(1.7);woke up(1.8);began shouting(1.8);was(1.8);leapt out(1.9);hurried(1.9);found(1.10);wound(1.10);flowed(1.10)
2.难点练习答案
1 put their toys away 2 put you up
3 put my shoes on 4 put down
5 putting out 6 put up
7 put off 8 put up with
3.多项选择题答案
1d 2c 3d 4d 5d 6b
7a 8d 9d 10c 11c 12c
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