自学新概念英语第三册笔记 Lessons 3

学以致用

　　Listen to the tape then answer the question below.

　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。

　　How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?

　　Some time ago,  an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses----often three storeys high----were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.

　　The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B. C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B. C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B. C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

　　New words and expressions生词和短语

　　goddess(title) /'g&dis/ n．女神

　　sacred(1. 10)/'seikrid/ adj．宗教的，神圣的

　　archaeologist(1. 1) /?a:ki'&ld{ist/ n．考古学家

　　fragment(1. 10) /'fr$gm+nt/n．碎片

　　Aegean(1. 2) /i:'d{i:+n/ adj．爱琴海的

　　remains(1. 12)/ri'menz/ n．遗物，遗迹，废墟

　　explore(1. 2) /ik'spl&:/ v．考察，勘探

　　classical(1. 13)/'kl$sik+l/ adj．（希腊和罗马）古文化的

　　promontory(1. 3) /'pr&m+nt+ri/ n．海角

　　prosperous(1. 4) /'pr&sp+r+s/ adj．（经济上）繁荣

　　reconstruct(1. 14) /?r(ikn'strkt/ v．修复的，昌盛的

　　rest(1. 16)/rest/ v．倚放，放置

　　civilization(1. 5) /?siv+l-ai'zeiM+n/ n．文明

　　hip(1. 16) /hip/ n．屁股，臀部

　　storey(1. 5) /'st&:ri/  n．楼层

　　full-length(1. 16) /?ful'leRI/adj．（裙衣）拖地长的

　　drainage(1. 7)/'dreinid{/ n．排水

　　graceful(1. 17) /'greisf+l/ adj．优雅的

　　worship(1. 9) /'w*:Mip/  n．祟拜

　　identity(1. 17) /ai'dentiti/  n．身份

　　Notes on the text课文注释

　　1  the Aegean island of Kea, 爱琴海的基亚岛。爱琴海是东地中海的一部分，位于希腊半岛和小亚细亚之间。它包括希腊半岛以外的许多岛屿。基亚岛位于希腊半岛东南方的海域里。

　　2  Ayia Irini, 阿伊亚·依里尼，意为“圣依里尼”， Irini是希腊文，意为“和平”

　　3  The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. 这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明。 must have been是对过去的推测。 at one time, 一度。

　　4  Roman times, 罗马时代。指古罗马（约公元前 200- 公元 400）时期，那时罗马人在欧洲建立了帝国。

　　5  date from, 追溯到。

　　6  Classical times, 指古希腊，古罗马时代。

　　7  the goddess turned out to be…, 那位女神原来是……。

　　参考译文

　　不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚·依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明，房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。

　　考古工作者考察的这座庙字从公元前15世纪直至罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶制雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，而她那身首异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到了精心的保护。即使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰，身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。

　　Summary writing摘要写作

　　In not more than 80 words describe what archaeologists discovered in an ancient temple on the island of Kea. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.

　　Answer these questions in note form to get your points:

　　1  Where did the archaeologists find clay fragments?

　　2  What did they represent?

　　3  Had they once been painted or not?

　　4  Where was the body of one statue found?

　　5  Where was its head found?

　　6  Were the fragments reconstructed or not?

　　7  How tall did the goddess turn out to be?

　　8  Where did her hands rest?

　　9  What was she wearing?

　　10  Is her identity known or not?

　　Vocabulary词汇

　　Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the passage:  explored(1. 2); ancient(1. 3); prosperous(1. 4) ; storeys(1. 5); beneath(1. 7); fragments(1. 10); remains(1. 12).

　　Composition作文

　　Write an imaginary account of how the archaeologists explored the sacred room of the ancient temple. Expand the following into a paragraph of about 150 words.

　　After walking round the ancient city, the archaeologists…This temple… On entering the sacred room, the archaeologists… After this, workmen began digging and soon discovered…They also found…The archaeologists carefully… They were astonished to find that… The goddess was… She… Although the archaeologists… they were unable to find out her name.  (52  words)

　　Letter writing书信写作

　　Write six phrases which could be used to end letters to friends.

　　Key structures关键句型

　　What happened?一般过去时（IKS 75）（参见第2册第75课关键句型）

---

　　Exercise练习

　　Suppose that each of the following verbs were used to describe what happened yesterday.  What would be their correct form?

　　Yesterday I… leave, lay, lie, choose, raise, rise, beat, bite, catch, hear, sing, think, show, run, lose, begin, fall, feel.

　　Special difficulties难点

　　Words often misused and confused

　　A  Happen. Study these examples:

　　Its missing head Happened to be among remains of the fifth century B. C. (By chance) (11. 12-13)

　　I happened to find the ticket in my pocket. (By chance. )

　　It happened that I found the ticket in my pocket. (By chance. )

　　I couldn't find out what had happened. (What had taken place. )

　　B  Storey and Story. Study these examples:

　　Houses-often three storeys high-were built of stone. (11. 5-6)

　　C  Worship and Warship. Study these examples:

　　The temple… was used as a place of worship(11. 9-10)

　　The Arethusa used to be a warship

　　Exercises练习

　　A  Complete the following making a sentence out of each:

　　1  She happened ______ .

　　2  It happened ______ .

　　3  Tell me what ______ .

　　4  If you happen ______ .

　　B  Use the words storey, story, worship, and warship in sentences of your own.

　　Multiple choice questions多项选择题

　　Choose the correct answers to the following questions.

　　Comprehension理解

　　1  The interesting discovery made by the archaeologists was ______ .

　　a．that the city had once been prosperous

　　b． that the temple had been used as a place of worship

　　c． they found the fifteen statues had been painted

　　d． that they were not the first to have found the head of the goddess

　　2  The city‘enjoyed a high level of civilization’. This is confirmed by the fact that ______ .

　　a． some of the houses were built only one storey high

　　b． a great number of fragments were found in the temple

　　c． the city had been built on clay

　　d． advanced techniques had been employed in building and decorating

　　3  In seeking to establish the identity of the reconstructed statue, the archaeologists ______ .

　　a． tried to determine which goddess it represented

　　b． pieced together the fragments they found

　　c． discovered that it was more modern than any of the other statues

　　d． wondered whether it belonged to the fifth or the fifteenth century

　　Structure结构

　　4  The city had once known ______ . (11. 4-5)

　　a．a prosperity

　　b．the prosperous

　　c．the prosperity

　　d．prosperity

　　5  The temple ______ used as a place of worship since Roman times. (11. 9-10)

　　a． was

　　b． has not been

　　c． had been

　　d． was not

　　6  They found ______ that the goddess turned out to be…(11. 14-15)

　　a． surprisingly

　　b． with surprise

　　c． to their surprise

　　d． a surprise

　　7  ______ being very old,  she was very graceful. (11. 16-17)

　　a． Although

　　b． In spite of

　　c． Even

　　d． Even though

　　8  So far, the archaeologists ______ to discover her identity. (1. 17)

　　a． have been impossible

　　b． have not been able

　　c． cannot have been

　　d． could not

　　Vocabulary词汇

　　9  In the most ______ room of the temple…(1. 10)

　　a．holy

　　b．religious

　　c．frightening

　　d．colourful

　　10  The head was carefully preserved. It was ______ . (1. 13)

　　a．well done

　　b．conserved

　　c．maintained

　　d．in good condition

　　11  The goddess ______ to be a very modern-looking woman. (1. 15)

　　a．appeared

　　b．proved

　　c．resolved

　　d．changed

　　12  But, ______ the archaeologists have been unable…(1. 17)

　　a． beforehand

　　b． until now

　　c． for a long time

　　d．at this distance