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课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.…a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. ……一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面。
had gathered为过去完成时,表示过去某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。(cf. 第14课语法)
2.It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time. 再过20分钟,大钟将敲响12下。
(1)这句话的时态为过去将来时。
(2)in+表示时间长度的短语可译为"……时间之后",一般与将来时连用:
Please wait a moment here. Jack will be back in a few minutes.
请在此稍候。杰克几分钟之后就回来。
(3)strike的基本含义是"打"、"击":
She struck the man in the face.
她打了那人的脸。
当用于钟、乐器等东西时,它有"敲"、"弹"的含义:
When I entered the room, the clock struck five.
我进屋时,钟敲响了5点。
3.We waited and waited, but nothing happened. 我们等啊等啊,可情况没有变化。
动词 happen作"发生"、"出现"讲时,主语是物:
Have you heard what happened to Sam this morning?
你听说今天上午萨姆发生了什么事了吗?
An interesting thing happened last night.
昨晚发生了一件有趣的事。
4.The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. 那座大钟不愿意迎接新年。
这句话中的两个动词 refuse和welcome在一般情况下主语都是人。我们可以说:
Susan's friends welcomed her with flowers when she returned from abroad.
苏珊从国外回来时,她的朋友们用鲜花欢迎她。
在书上的这句话中,用大钟作主语是一种拟人手法。
语法 Grammar in use
1.引导时间状语的介词 in, on, at, during, till与 until
(1)用in的时间短语有:
表示一天中的某段时间:
in the morning在早上
in the afternoon/ evening 在下午/晚上
表示月份、年份:
in March 在3月
in September 在9月
in 1984 在1984年
表示季节:
in (the) spring 在春天
in (the) winter 在冬天
in+ 一段时间有两种含义。它可以表示"在某段时间之内",这时它可以与现在时、过去时或将来时连用,一般与完成某个动作有关:
I always eat my breakfast in ten minutes.
我总是在10分钟之内吃完早饭。
I finished the examination in two hours.
我在两小时之内做完了考题。
另外,它还可以表示"……时间之后",与将来时连用:Mother will be back in ten days.
母亲10天后回来。
(2)用on的时间短语有:
表示星期:
on Monday 星期一
on Friday 星期五
on Monday morning/evening 在星期一早上/晚上表示日期:
on June 1st 在6月1日
on 23rd March 在3月23日
(在书写日期时没有冠词,但在口语中则分别读为:on June the first, on the 23rd of March)
表示星期+日期:
on Monday, June 1st 在6月1日,星期一
表示具体时间:
on that day 在那一天
on that evening 在那天晚上
My brother's birthday is on August 12th.我哥哥的生日是8月12日。
(3)用at的时间短语有:
表示确切的时间:
at 10 o'clock 在10点钟
at 5 'clock 在5点钟
表示用餐时间:
at lunch/ dinner time 在午饭/正餐时间
at teatime 在茶点时间
表示其他时刻:
at noon/ night/ midnight 在中午/夜里/半夜
at this time 在这时
Liz came to see me at ten/ teatime.
莉兹10点/在茶点时来看我了。
(4)during后必须跟一个名词,可以指整个一段时间。它有时可以用in替代:
It was very hot during the summer.
那年夏天很热。
He has phoned four times during the last half hour.
在这半小时内他打了4次电话。
但在下面的例句中则不可用in替代during:
I met him sometime during the week.
我是在这一周的某天遇见他的。
During the whole winter it never snowed.
整个冬季一直没下雪。
(5)from…till…指一段明确的时间:
The tourist season runs from June till October.
旅游季节从6月一直到10月。
(6)当所用动词只表示一个短暂的动作(如finish, leave)时,则只能在否定句中用till/ until:
I won't leave till/ until Monday.
我要到星期一才离开。
2.否定句的两种形式:not any与 no
对于一般疑问句,可以有两种否定的回答:
否定词no比not any的语气要强,但这两种否定的意义是相同的。no可构成复合词nobody, none, nothing, nowhere; any可构成复合词anybody, anything和anywhere:
在一个句子中通常只能有一个否定词(包括never, hardly等词):
而除黑人英语外一般不说:* I can't get no eggs.*
词汇学习 Word study
1.gather
(1)vt. 使集拢,集合,召集:
He gathered a large crowd of people round him.
他在自己周围聚集了一大群人。
(2)vt. 收集,采集,收(庄稼等):
The children are out in the field gathering flowers.
孩子们在外面地里采花。
It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.
收集所有这些书花了我一辈子的时间。
(3)vi. 集拢,聚集,集合:
They gathered under the Town Hall clock.
他们聚集在市政厅的大钟下面。
2. refuse
(1)vt. 拒绝(接受、服从等):
She refused the gift.
她拒绝接受这份礼物。
(2)vt. 拒不,不肯,不愿:
Mary refused to tell her age.
玛丽不愿说出自己的年龄。
John refused to change his mind.
约翰拒不改变主意。
(3)vi. 拒绝,不接受:
I offered to pay him for his help, but he refused.
对于他的帮助我提出给他报酬,但他拒绝了。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1.关键句型练习答案
A 1 We went to the Town Hall on Wednesday evening/ New Year's Eve.
2 The clock would strike twelve in twenty minutes time.
3 The clock stopped at five to twelve.
B 1 in 2 On 3 during/ in 4 in 5 at
6 on…in 7 in 8 at…in 9 until
C (sample answers)
1 The match will begin at 3 o'clock.
2 They bought their house in 1980.
3 The shop is closed from one till two.
4 The children went to school in the morning.
5 He'll finish school in two years' time.
6 Let's go for a walk in the evening.
7 He went to church on Sunday.
2.难点练习答案
A 1 No, I haven't any/ have no money.
2 No, I didn't go anywhere/ went nowhere in the holidays.
3 No, I didn't buy anything/ bought nothing this morning.
4 No, there wasn't anybody/ was nobody present when the accident happened.
B He has no hobbies. He goes nowhere. He sees nobody. He is interested in nothing----except food!
3.多项选择题答案
1 b 2 b 3 d 4 a 5 a 6 b
7 b 8 d 9 b 10 b 11 d 12 c
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