马上注册,结交更多家长,享用更多功能,让你轻松玩转家长易社区。
您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看,没有帐号?立即注册
x
虚拟,在汉语中表示一种假设的,不存在的情况,同样,英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在初中阶段,虚拟语气一般用于下列情况: 一、条件状语从句 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would,could,might)+动词原形”。如: If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实上我不可能是你) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(事实上我不知道) 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反,从句:主语+had done ,主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done,例如: If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
3、与将来事实相反 从句:①if+主语+were to do 主句:①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do 例如:If he went,would you go too?如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小) 注意与说明:对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点: 一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测; 二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设); 三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如: I should see him,I'll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。 If it should rain tomorrow,don‘t expect me. 万一明天下雨,就别等我了。
二、wish 后宾语从句 1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 .例如: I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你) 2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done 例如: I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实:那时还不知道) 3、表示将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词:should/would(情态动词)+ 动词原形 I wish I should havea chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了) 常见考法 对于虚拟语气的考查,在单项和完形填空中出现的较多,在阅读理解中,也常会出现虚拟语气的句子。我们掌握了虚拟语气的用法,会帮助我们更好的理解短文。 典型例题:Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school. A. were not ill,wouldn't be B. had been ill,wouldn't have been C. had been ill,should have been D. hadn't been ill,could be 解析:题干的意思是“ Mary今天病了,如果她没生病,今天她就会去上学了”。因为第一句说,Mary今天病了,所以本题考查的是与现在情况相反的事情,因之,主句用would、should、could+动词原型,从句用一般过去时。 误区提醒 1、在学习虚拟语气的时候,要对过去、现在、将来的虚拟的做出正确的判断。 2、一定要记住,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式,动词be要用were. 典型例题:I ________ him the answer ________ possible,but I was so busy then. A. could tell,if it had been B. must have told,were it C. should have told,had it been D. should have told,should it be 解析:先分开看此题,由于设空处在主句,所以先看主句,因为由主句看不出题目所表达的具体时间,所以再看从句,此从句是由but引导的转折句,所表达的时态是一般过去时,意为“我那时很忙”,所以,主句发生的事情是与过去事情相反的事情,因之,主句用could、should、would+动词原形,从句用过去完成时。 答案:C
|