新概念必考考点整理(3):不定式

风清扬

　　一.不定式

　　1.定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。

　　2.形式：(以do为例)

　　主动语态 被动语态

　　一般时 to do to be done

　　进行时 to be doing

　　完成时 to have done to have been done

　　完成进行时 to have been doing

　　3.用法：

　　(1)用作主语：

　　To speak good English is not easy.

　　or: It is not easy to speak good English.

　　(采用形式主语 it 以避免头重脚轻)

　　It took me an hour to do the work.

　　(2)用作宾语：

　　She decided to take the examination.

　　I hope to meet him soon.

　　(3)宾语补足语：

　　They expected us to help them.

　　Hewants his son to study hard.

　　金牌重点：

　　不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词(see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let...)，则不定式符号“to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。

　　I heard them sing in the classroom.

　　I made her clean the room.

　　The girl is heard to sing an English song.

　　(4)用作表语：To teach is to learn.

　　His job is to sell cars.

　　(5)用作状语，表示目的，结果。

　　We come to school to study English.(目的)

　　= in order to

　　I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.(结果)

　　(6)定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。

　　He asked for a piece of paper to write it on.

　　= to write it on the piece of paper.

　　The poor man has no house to live in.

　　= to live in the house.

　　Have you anything to do?

　　= to do anything

　　4.不定式的时态意义：

　　She seems to dance very well.(现在情况)

　　She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.(正在进行)

　　She seems to have danced well.(过去情况)

　　Has was happy to have been staying with his uncle.(动作持续一段时间)

　　5.不定式语态：

　　The doctor recommended him to air the room.

　　The doctor recommended the room to be aired.

　　She expects the police to find her bicycle.

　　She expects her bicycle to be found by the police.

　　She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.

　　She felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a question.

　　6.不定式否定形式：not to do ...

　　He got up early in order not to miss the train.

　　考点涉及不定式的真题：

　　1.The ancient Egyptians are supposed _______ rockets to the moon.(1996.6-37)

　　A)to sending

　　B)to be sending

　　C)to have sent

　　D)to have been sending

　　2.There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble.(1997.1-25)

　　A)making B)to make

　　C)to have made D)having made

　　3._______ it or not,his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.(1997.1-49)

　　A)Believe B)To believe

　　C)Believing D)Believed

　　4.The pressure _______ causes Americans to be energetic,but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.(1997.6-

　　47)

　　A)to compete B)competing

　　C)to be competed

　　D)having competed

　　5.They are going to have the serviceman _______ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.(1998.1-44)

　　A)install B)to install

　　C)to be installed D)installed

　　6.I have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him.(1999.6-46)

　　A)to speak　B)spoken

　　C)to have spoken D)speak

　　7.The project,_______ by the end of 2000,will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000users.(1999.6-68)

　　A)accomplished B)being accomplished

　　C)to be accomplished

　　D)having been accomplished

　　8.I'd rather have a room of my own,however small it is,than _______ a room with someone else.(2000.12-55)

　　A)to share B)to have shared

　　C)share D)sharing

　　9.The bank is reported in the local newspaper _______ in broad daylight yesterday. (2000.12-63)

　　A)robbed

　　B)to have been robbed

　　C)being robbed

　　D)have been robbed

　　10.With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers _______ before their time.(2001.6-36)

　　A)be bloomed B)bloom

　　C)bloomed D)blooming

　　11.If the building project _______ by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fired.(201.6-48)

　　A)being completed B)is completed

　　C)to be completed D)completed

　　答案与解析

　　1.答案C)

　　【译文】据猜测，古埃及人曾向月球发射过火箭。

　　【解析】send为短暂性动词，不能用进行时态;句首表示时间概念的ancient表明不定式动作在句子谓语动作之前发生，不定式须用完成式。例如：

　　A Dream of the Red Chamber is said to have been translated into dozens of languages in the last decades.(1989.1-58)

　　据说在过去的十年里，《红楼梦》已被翻译为几十种语言。

　　The power station is reported to have been completed within 3 years.据报道这个发电站在3年之内就完工了

　　2.答案B)

　　【译文】接待处有个人看上去怒气冲冲的，我猜他是想找麻烦。

　　【解析】"mean to do sth."相当于"intend to do sth.""打算做某事，意欲做某事"。例如：

　　I didn’t mean to hurt you.我并没打算要伤害你。

　　3.答案A)

　　【译文】信不信由你，他的发现在科学界引起了轰动。

　　【解析】"believe it or not""信不信由你，我说的是真的"，这是口语中的一种习惯用语。

　　4.答案A)

　　【译文】竞争的压力使得美国人精力旺盛，但同时也使他们长期处于情绪紧张的状态。

　　【解析】名词pressure后接动词不定式作其定语。类似的名词还有ability, attempt, freedom,right,opportunity等。例如：

　　She has demonstrated a remarkable ability to get things done.在办事方面，她显示了非凡的能力。

　　She’s old enough to have the freedom to do as she likes.她已成年了，有权做她喜欢做的事。

　　You shouldn’t miss the opportunity to see the play-it’s rarely put on.你不要错过看那出戏的机会，它可是难得上演。

　　The criminal was deprived of his right to vote.这名罪犯被剥夺了选举权。

　　5.答案A)

　　【译文】他们准备让勤杂工明天在办公室安装一台电扇。

　　【解析】"have sb.do sth."为一固定用法，"让某人做某事"。常见的使役动词还有make，let。例如：

　　If you won’t do it willingly,I’ll make you do it.你如果不愿意做那件事，我会强迫你去做。

　　Let him do what he likes;I don’t care.让他做自己想做的事吧，我不介意。

　　6.答案D)

　　【译文】我曾听到老师和学生都称赞他。

　　【解析】不定式在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe,perceive,see，sense,watch等感官动词后面作宾补时，to省略。也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。不定式表示动作的全过程，现在分词表示动作正在进行。例如：

　　I felt something touch/touching my foot.我觉得有什么东西碰了我的脚。

　　Did you notice anyone leave/leaving the house?你看到有人离开这房子了吗?

　　7.答案C)

　　【译文】这项将于2000年前完工的工程将扩大城市的电话网至1,000,000用户。

　　【解析】分词和不定式都可作定语。现在分词作定语，表主动、进行;过去分词作定语，表被动、完成;不定式作定语，表将来。根据时

　　间状语by the end of 2000,可知该定语应表示将来完成时。例如：

　　There are more than fifty proposals to be discussed at tomorrow’s conference.明天的会上将讨论50多条建议。

　　There were more than fifty proposals discussed at the conference.会上讨论了50多条建议。

　　8.答案C)

　　【译文】我宁愿有个自己的房间，不管多小，也不愿与人共住一室。

　　【解析】would rather...than...是一个典型的平行结构句型。share与前面的have构成平行结构。例如：

　　I’d rather play tennis than swim.我不想游泳，我宁愿去打网球。

　　9.答案B)

　　【译文】据当地的报纸报道，那家银行昨天在光天化日之下被抢劫了。

　　【解析】当谓语动词为believe,report,say,suppose等时，其后需用动词不定式作主补，表示发生在过去的事，动词不定式用完成时。有关动词不定式的时态可归纳如下：表示动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生，用一般式;表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，用完成式。例如：

　　Mrs.Brown is supposed to have left for Italy last weeks.据猜测，布朗夫人上周去了意大利。

　　As a public relations officer,he is said to know some very influential people.(2001.6-34)

　　作为一名公关官员，据说他认识一些大人物。

　　10.答案B)

　　【译文】随着科技的发展，人类能够使各种花朵提前绽放。

　　【解析】动词不定式作宾补时，如果动词为使役动词have,make,let或感官动词see,feel,sense,hear,watch等，该不定式省略to。

　　11.答案C)

　　【译文】这个原计划本月底完工的建设项目如果延期了，这家公司将被处以罚金。

　　【解析】根据时间状语by the end of this month,应选择不定式作定语，表示动作将要发生，动词complet与其所修饰的名词the building project为被动关系，因此用不定式的被动式。

龙龙他妈

哟呵呦呵，找到了，谢谢楼主分享！！太有用！！

明天微笑~

赞一个，，很实用 。。。

幻化成风