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课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮。
the way在这里表示"方式"、"样式",she was dressed为关系从句,修饰the way。dress表示"穿着"、"打扮"时常用被动语态:
Why is your aunt dressed in black?你姑姑为什么穿黑色衣服?
2.…he told her that the dress was sold.……告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了。
被动语态在这里含有动作已经完成的意忠,即表示目前的状态。
3.She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.第2天上午,她又来到这家商店,穿了一件裘皮大衣,一只手拎着一只手提包,另一只手拿着一把长柄伞。
dressed引导的过去分词短语作状语,表示伴随状态。它也可以变换位置,放在句首,其意义不变:Dressed in a fur coat, she returned…with带有两个宾语:handbag和unbrella。with引导的介词短语也作状语,表示伴随状态:
He walked in the park with a dog behind him.他在公园里散步,身后跟了一条狗。
4.After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. 找到那个无礼的售货员后,她还要看昨天的那件衣服。
(1)现在分词结构代替时间状语从句后,保留了连词after。类似的情况如:
Since phoning you this morning, I've changed my plans.自从今天早上给你打了电话以后,我已改变了计划。
While trying to open the bottle, I cut my hand.在试图打开瓶子时,我划破了手。
(2)seek out为固定短语,表示"找出"、"搜寻出":
He sought out the thief in the crowd.他在人群中找出了那个小偷。
Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him.快把他找出来。我想和他谈一谈。
(3)ask for表示"要"、"要求":
I asked for a cup of coffee, but you gave me a cup of tea.我要的是一杯咖啡,但你却给了我一杯茶。
5.Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 那个售货员没有认出她是谁,这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤。
(1)现在分词短语代替一个分句位于句首时,其否定形式是在它前面加上not, without或never等否定词。这些词有时可互换,有时则不可:
Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief.他没有一丝犹豫便追赶那小偷。
Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help.由于开不了门,我便向邻居求援。
(2)像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感觉的形容词作表语时后面往往跟不定式:
They are all eager to come.他们都急于来。
I'm pleased to work with you.我很高兴能与你一起工作。
6.With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. 费了好大劲儿,他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服。
with在这里表示行为方式:
With care, she put the vase on the shelf.她小心翼翼地把花瓶放在架子上。
He lifted the box with ease/difficulty.他很轻松地/费劲地举起那箱子。
7.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来,最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件。
(1)enjoy oneself doing sth.表示"从……中得到乐趣":
He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars.他让那条狗追逐乞丐,并从中取乐。
(2)make后面的动词不定式不加to(cf.本课词汇学习)
(3)代替时间状语从句的现在分词短语带有连词before。
语法 Grammar in use
用于表示地点和位置的介词和副词in, at和off;用于描写人的介词in和with
在第9课的语法中,我们学习了引导时间状语的介词in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33课的语法中,我们学习了表示方向和目的地的介词和副词,如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。
(1)在表示地点和位置时,说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。at通常用于表示居住地点和某个停留地点、工作地点等,而in则表示里面或包围的含义:
I stopped at London on the way to New York.去纽约的途中我曾在伦敦停留。(伦敦是途中的一个点)
I live in London.我住在伦敦。(伦敦"包围着"他)
We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office.我们今天下午在电影院见了面。他在售票处附近等我。
We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car.我们在河里游泳时简坐在汽车里。
(2)off常与动词连用,表示位置的变化,即"与……分离",可译为"脱掉"、"脱落"等,其反义词为on:
The handle of my suitcase has come off.我手提箱的提手掉下来了。
He took the cup off the shelf.他把杯子从架上拿了下来。
(3)描写人时,in通常用于表示穿着,with则表示身上的某个具体特征或随身带着什么:
Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.昨天她穿着牛仔裤。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?约翰穿那套制服时看上去非常英俊,是不是?
He looks handsome in anything!他穿任何衣服看上去都很英俊!
The man with a beard over there is Sam.那边那个留着胡子的人是萨姆。
The police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.警方说他们正在寻找的那位妇女有一个红色的手提包/一头红发。
There's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!那边就有一位带着红色手提包/长着一头红发的妇女!
A child came along with a brown dog.一位带着一条棕色的狗的小孩走了过来。
词汇学习 Word study
1.serve vt., vi.
(1)帮佣,当仆人,给……干活:
Mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years.玛丽在那户人家当了十多年厨师。
(2)服务;服役;供职:
Have you ever served in the army?你服过兵役吗?
She served the firm as a secretary for two years.她在这家公司当过两年秘书。
(3)接待(顾客):
The assistant was eager to serve her this time.那个售货员这回接待她的态度非常殷勤。
Tom served in a restaurant when he was 18.汤姆18岁时在餐馆当过侍者。
2.make与let
这两个动词后面都跟不带to的不定式,但意义和用法上有区别。
(1)make+名词/代词+不带to的不定式表示"迫使"、"致使":
That beard makes you look much older than you really are.您的胡须使您看上去比您的实际年龄大得多。
What made him change his mind?是什么使他改变了主意?
She made the assistant bring almost everything in the window.她迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来。
在被动语态中含有上述意义的make后面必须带to:
He was made to work fourteen hours a day.他被迫一天工作14小时。
He was made to change his mind.他被迫改变了主意。
(2)let有两种用法,一是用于祈使句,建议包括说话者在内的人采取某一行动:
Let's not waste any more time.我们别再浪费时间了。
Let's take a taxi.我们坐出租车吧。
其否定形式除Let's not…外也可以用Don't let's…:
Don't let's waste any more time.我们别再浪费时间了。
这种祈使句中的let相当于助动词。
let的第2种用法是表示"允许",其结构与make相同,即 let+名词/代词+不带to的不定式。如果宾语是us,则不能缩写成let's:
Please let us have more time, will you?请多给我们一点时间好吗?
I won't let you ride my bicycle.我不让你骑我的自行车。
Let him speak.让他说话。
let后面可以跟一个被动的、不带to的不定式:
He let it be known that the house was his.他让大家知道那房子是他的。
但是let一般不用于被动意义来表示"被允许",这时可用allow:
They didn't let us speak.他们没有让我们讲话。
We were not allowed to speak.我们没有被允许讲话。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1.难点练习答案
1 Don't let him bully you.
2 Why don't you make. him apologize for his behaviour?
3 No one can make me believe he's telling the truth.
4 Will your parents let you come to the theatre with us?
5 Let's go for a drive in the country.
2.多项选择题答案
1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 d
7 c 8 d 9 c 10 b 11 d 12 a
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