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真题: Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Onthe Importance of a Name. you should write at least 150 words following theoutline given below. 1. 有人说名字或名称很重要 2. 也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要 3. 我认为 On theImportance of a Name Part IIReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly andanswer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A., B., C.and D.. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage. HelicopterMoms vs. Free-Range KidsWould you let your fourth-grader ride publictransportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, acolumnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subwayalone to get back to "Long story short :my son got home from a departmentstore on the Upper East Side, she didn’t expect to get hit with a wave ofcriticism from readers. “Long storyshort: My son got home, overjoyed with independence,” Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. “Long story longer: Half the peopleI’ve told this episode to now want to turn on in for child abuse. As if keepingkids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way torear kids. It’s not. It’s debilitating (使虚弱)—for us and for them.” Onlinemessage boards were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy’sdecision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN(accompanied by her son) and on popular blogs like the buffing ton post, whereher follow-up piece was ironically headlined “More From America’s Worst Mom.” The episodehas ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocalopposing camps. Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world amore complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations wereallowed to wander about unsupervised? From the “she’s an irresponsible mother” camp came: “Shame on you for being so careless about his safety,” in Comments on the buffing tonpost. And there was this from a mother of four: “How would you have felt if he didn’t come home?” But Skenazy got a lot of support,too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed totake trips all by them selves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praisefor bucking the “helicopter parent” trend: “Good for this Mom,” one commenterwrote on the buffing ton post. “This is a much-needed reality check.” Last week,encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her own blog—Free Range, kids—promoting the idea that modernchildren need some of the same independence that her generation had. In thegood old days nine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked tothe store, took buses—and even subways—all by themselves. Her blog, she says,is dedicated to sensible parenting. “At Free Range Kids, we believe in safekids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that everytime school-age children go outside, they need a security guard.” So why aresome parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight? Arecities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnapand sexual abuse than they were in previous generations? Not exactly.New York City,for instance, is safer than it’s ever been; it’s ranked 36th in crime among allAmerican cities. Nationwide, stringer kidnaps are extremely rare; there’s aone-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to theJustice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed bysomeone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease andaccidents, for American children are lower now than they were 25 years’ ago.According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, between 1980 and 2003death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14 and 32 percent forteens aged 15 to 19. Then there’sthe whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervousabout safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem isthat with wall to wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case getsso much airtime that it’s not surprising even normal parental anxiety can beamplified. And many middle-class parents have gotten used to managing theirchildren’s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the ideaof letting them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when manyof today’s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile ofschool walked or biked every day. But today, the Centers for Disease Controlreport that only 13 percent of children bike, walk or otherwise t themselves toschool. The extrasupervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are worried about crime,and they are worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city that’s notused to pedestrians. On the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whoseparents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The AfterSchool Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 areresponsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5 million kidsparticipate in organized programs. “Many children who have working parents haveto take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves becausethey have no other way to get to the schools,” says Dr. Richard Gallagher,director of the Parenting Institute at the New York University Child Study Center. For thoseparents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids morefreedom, there’s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage aone-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What’s right for Skenazy’snine-year-old could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends ondevelopmental issue, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup ofthat child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. “Theability to follow parent guidelines, the child’s level of comfort in handlingsuch situations, and a child’s general judgment should be weighed.” Gallagheragrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence liketaking public transportation alone. “At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways aregenerally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the cityand have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concernedfor their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and ontheir toes.” But evenwith more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantagetheir parents didn’t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a childanytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parentsloosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism becauseshe didn’t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he’d lose it andwanted him to learn to go it alone without depending on mom—a major principleof free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cellphones to keep track of their kids. And forthose who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their innerhelicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cellphones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child’s everymovement via the Internet—without seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go tocollege, they might start objecting to being monitored as they’re on parole (假释). 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. WhenLenore Skenazy’s son was allowed to take the subway alone, he ________. A.was afraid that he might get lost B.enjoyed having the independence C.was only too pleased to take therisk D.thought he was an exceptional child 2. LenoreSkenazy believes that keeping kids under careful watch A.hinders their healthy growth B.adds too much to parents’ expenses C.shows traditional parental caution D.bucks the latest parenting trend 3. Skenazy’sdecision to let her son take the Subway alone has net with________. A.opposition from her own family B.share parenting experience C.fight against child abuse D.protect children’s rights 4. Skenazystarted her own blog to ________. A.promote sensible parenting B.share parenting experience C.fight against child abuse D.protect children’s rights 5. Accordingto the author, New York City________. A.ranks high in road accidents B.is much safe than before C.ranks low in child mortality rates D.is less dangerous than small cities 6. Parentstoday are more nervous about their kids’ safety than previous generationsbecause________. A.there are now fewer children in thefamily B.the number of traffic accidents hasbeen increasing C.their fear is amplified by mediaexposure of crime D.crime rates have been on the riseover the years 7. Accordingto child experts, how and when kids may be allowed more freedom depends on________. A.the traditions and customs of thecommunity B.the safety conditions of theirneighborhood C.their parents’ psychological makeup D.their maturity and personalqualities 8. Accordingto Gallagher and Skenazy, children who are watchful will be better able to stayaway from Unsafe situations. 9. Beingable to find out where a child is anytime helps lessen parents’ Their anxietyand control. 10. Nowadayswith the help of GPS cell phones, parents can, from a distance, track theirchildren’s Movements. Part IIIListening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11. A.Fred forgot to call him last nightabout the camping trip. B.He is not going to lend hissleeping bag to Fred. C.He has not seen Fred at the gym forsometime. D.Fred may have borrowed a sleepingbag from someone else. 12. A.Summer has become hotter in recentyears. B.It will cool down a bit over the weekend. C.Swimming in a pool has a relaxingeffect. D.He hopes the weather forecast isaccurate. 13. A.Taking a picture of Prof. Brown. B.Commenting on an oil-painting. C.Hosting a TV program. D.Staging a performance. 14. A.She can help the man take care ofthe plants. B.Most plants grow better in directsunlight. C.The plants need to be wateredfrequently. D.The plants should be placed in ashady spot. 15. A.Change to a more exciting channel. B.See the movie some other time. C.Go to bed early. D.Stay up till eleven. 16. A.Both of them are laymen of modernart. B.She has beamed to appreciate modemsculptures. C.Italian artists’ works aredifficult to understand. D.Modern artists are generallyconsidered weird. 17. A.They seem satisfied with what theyhave done. B.They have called all club membersto contribute. C.They think the day can be called amemorable one. D.They find it hard to raise moneyfor the hospital. 18. A.The man shouldn’t hesitate to takethe course. B.The man should talk with theprofessor first. C.The course isn’t open toundergraduates. D.The course will require a lot ofreading. Questions 19to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A.Current trends in economic development. B.Domestic issues of general socialconcern. C.Stories about Britain’s relations with othernations. D.Conflicts and compromises amongpolitical parties. 20. A.Based on the poll of publicopinions. B.By interviewing people who filecomplaints. C.By analyzing the domestic andinternational situation. D.Based on public expectations andeditors’ judgment. 21. A.Underlying rules of editing. B.Practical experience. C.Audience’s feedback. D.Professional qualifications. Questions 22to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A.The average life span was less than50 years. B.It was very common for them to have12 children. C.They retired from work much earlierthan today. D.They were quite optimistic about theirfuture. 23. A.Get ready for ecological changes. B.Adapt to the new environment. C.Learn to use new technology. D.Explore ways to stay young. 24. A.When all women go out to work. B.When family planning is enforced.. C.When a world government is set up. D.When all people become wealthier. 25. A.Eliminate poverty and injustice. B.Migrate to other planets. C.Control the environment. D.Find inexhaustible resources. Section B 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Passage One Questions 26 to28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A.To help young people improve theirdriving skills. B.To alert teenagers to the dangersof reckless driving. C.To teach young people road mannersthrough videotapes. D.To show teens the penalties imposedon careless drivers. 27. A.Road accidents. B.Street violence. C.Drug abuse. D.Lung cancer. 28. A.It has changed teens’ way of life. B.It has made teens feel like adults. C.It has accomplished its objective. D.It has been supported by parents. Passage Two Questions 29 to31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A.Customers may get addicted to thesmells. B.Customers may be misled by thesmells. C.It hides the defects of certaingoods. D.It gives rise to unfair competition. 30. A.Flexible. B.Critical. C.Supportive. D.Cautious. 31. A.The flower scent stimulated people’sdesire to buy. B.Stronger smells had greater effectson consumers. C.Most shoppers hated the small theshoe store. D.84% of the customers were unawareof the smells. Passage Three Questions 32 to35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A.A goods train hit a bus carryingmany passengers. B.Two passenger trains crashed intoeach other. C.A passenger train collided with agoods train. D.An express train was derailed whenhit by a bomb. 33. A.The rescue operations have not beenvery effective. B.More than 300 injured passengerswere hospitalized. C.The cause of the tragic accidentremains unknown. D.The exact casualty figures are notyet available. 34. A.There was a bomb scare. B.There was a terrorist attack. C.A fire alarm was set off bymistake. D.50 pounds of explosives were found. 35. A.Follow policemen’s directions. B.Keep an eye weather. C.Avoid snow-covered roads. D.Drive with special care. Section C 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 English isthe leading international language. In different countries around the globe,English is acquired as the mother (36) ________, in others it’s used as asecond language. Some nations use English as their (37) ________ language,performing the function of (38) ________; in others it’s used as aninternational language for business, (39) ________ and industry. What factorsand forces have led to the (40) ________ of English? Why is English nowconsidered to be so prestigious that, across the globe, individuals andsocieties feel (41) ________ if they do not have (42) ________ in thislanguage? How has English changed through 1,500 Years? These are some of thequestions that you (43) ________ when you study English. You alsoexamine the immense variability of English and (44) ________. You developin-depth knowledge of the intricate structure of the language. Why do somenon-native speakers of English claim that it’s a difficult language to learn,while (45) ________? At the University of Sussex, you areintroduced to the nature and grammar of English in all aspects. This involvesthe study of sound structures, the formation of words, the sequencing words andthe construction of meaning, as well as examination of the theories explainingthe aspects of English usage. (46) ________, which are raised by studying howspeakers and writers employ English for a wide variety of purposes. Part IVReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incompletestatements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or completestatements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on AnswerSheet 2. Questions 47to 51 are based on the following passage. There isnothing new about TV and fashion magazines giving girls unhealthy ideas abouthow thin they need to be in order to be considered beautiful. What issurprising is the method psychologists at the University of Texashave come up with to keep girls from developing eating disorders. Their mainweapon against super skinny (role) models: a brand of civil disobedience dubbed“body activism.” Since 2001,more than 1,000 high school and college students in the U.S. have participated in the BodyProject, which works by getting girls to understand how they have been buyinginto the notion that you have to be thin to be happy or successful. Aftercritiquing (评论) theso-called thin ideal by writing essays and role-playing with their peers,participants are directed to come up with and execute small, nonviolent acts.They include slipping notes saying “Love your body the way it is” into dieting books at stores like Borders and writing letters toMattel, makers of the impossibly proportioned Barbie doll. According toa study in the latest issue of the Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology, the risk of developing eating disorders was reduced 61% among BodyProject participants. And they continued to exhibit positive body-imageattitudes as long as three years after completing the program, which consists,of four one-hour sessions. Such lasting effects may be due to girls’ realizingnot only how they were being influenced but also who was benefiting from thesocietal pressure to be thin. “These people who promote the perfect body reallydon’t care about you at all,” says Kelsey Hertel, a high school junior and BodyProject veteran in Eugene, Oregon. “They purposefully make you feellike less of a person so you’ll buy their stuff and they’ll make money.” 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 47. Were dogirls get the notion that they need to be thin in order to be consideredbeautiful? 48. Bypromoting “body activism,” University of Texas psychologistsaim to prevent ________. 49.According to the author, Mattel’s Barbie dolls are ________. 50. Thepositive effects of the Body Project may last up to ________. 51. One BodyProject participant says that the real motive of those who promote the perfectbody is to ________. Section B Passage One Questions 52 to56 are based on the following passage. For hundredsof millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches,long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPSsatellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry thehatchlings (幼龟) down tothe water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards amotel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected toprotect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attentionpaid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude notto go extinct. But Natureis indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish andWildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several speciesof North Atlantic turtles, notablyloggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% inthe last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with theenvironmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition thegovernment to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered”—meaningthey are in danger of disappearing without additional help. Which raisesthe obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turnsout, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting theturtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and ashatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. “The threat isfrom commercial fishing,” says Griffin.Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor)and long line fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that canstretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles. Of course,like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against thebackground of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems.The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are beingsqueezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of risingsea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issuesas well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the handsof humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could havewon so much affection. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 52. We canlearn from the first paragraph that ________. A.human activities have changed theway turtles survive B.efforts have been made to protectturtles from dying out C.government bureaucracy hascontributed to turtles’ extinction D.marine biologists are looking forthe secret of turtles’ reproduction 53. Whatdoes the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness” (Line 1, Para. 2)? A.Nature is quite fair regarding thesurvival of turtles. B.Turtles are by nature indifferentto human activities. C.The course of nature will not bechanged by human interference. D.The turtle population has decreasedin spite of human protection. 54. Whatconstitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to ElizabethGriffin? A.Their inadequate food supply. B.Unregulated commercial fishing. C.Their lower reproductively ability. D.Contamination of sea water 55. How doesglobal warming affect the survival of turtles? A.It threatens the sandy beaches onwhich they lay eggs. B.The changing climate makes itdifficult for their eggs to hatch. C.The rising sea levels make itharder for their hatchlings to grow. D.It takes them longer to adapt tothe high beach temperature. 56. The lastsentence of the passage is meant to ________. A.persuade human beings to show moreaffection for turtles B.stress that even the most uglyspecies should be protected C.call for effective measures toensure sea turtles’ survival D.warn our descendants about theextinction of species Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. There arefew more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuitioncalculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economistssay families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well asstudying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is aninvestment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. A 2008 studyby two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than whathigh-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with avengeance (报复性地) sincethe 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-yearcollege degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a workerwith only a high-school diploma. There’s noquestion that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at thestrange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college toattend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University(tuition, room and board $49,260 in2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the Universityof Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)?Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the Universityof Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income asbeing an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely. No, in thisconsumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, butrather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price isonly one of many crucial factors to consider. As withautomobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, andpeople search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction inline with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to paymore for different types of experiences (such as attending a privateliberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a greatmarine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equalamount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately,their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price forvastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment productlike a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotiveworld’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid(混合动力汽车); anexpensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57. What’sthe opinion of economists about going to college? A.Huge amounts of money is beingwasted on campus socializing. B.It doesn’t pay to run into debt toreceive a college education. C.College education is rewarding inspite of the startling costs. D.Going to college doesn’t necessarilybring the expected returns. 58. The twoHarvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century,________. A.enrollment kept decreasing invirtually all American colleges and universities B.the labor market preferred high-schoolto college graduates C.competition for universityadmissions was far more fierce than today D.the gap between the earnings ofcollege and high-school graduates narrowed 59. Studentswho attend an in-state college or university can ________. A.save more on tuition B.receive a better education C.take more liberal-arts courses D.avoid traveling long distances 60. In thisconsumerist age, most parents ________. A.regard college education as a wiseinvestment B.place a premium on the prestige ofthe College C.think it crucial to send theirchildren to college D.consider college education aconsumer product 61. What isthe chief consideration when students choose a college today? A.Their employment prospects aftergraduation. B.A satisfying experience withintheir budgets. C.Its facilities and learningenvironment. D.Its ranking among similarinstitutions. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Somehistorian say that the most important contribution of Dwight Eisenhower’s presidency (总统任期) in the 1950s was the U.S.interstate highway system. It was a __62__ project, easily surpassing the scaleof such previous human __63__ as the Panama Canal.Eisenhower’s interstate highways __64__ the nation together in new ways and__65__ major economic growth by making commerce less __66__. Today, aninformation superhighway has been built—an electronic network that __67__libraries, corporations, government agencies and __68__. This electronicsuperhighway is called the Internet, __69__ it is the backbone (主干) of the World Wide Web. The Internethad its __70__ in a 1969 U.S. Defense Department computer network calledARPAnet, which __71__ Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The Pentagonbuilt the network for military contractors and universities doing militaryresearch to __72__ information. In 1983 the National Science Foundation (NSF),__73__ mission is to promote science, took over. This new NSFnetwork __74__ more and more institutional users, may of __75__ had their owninternal networks. For example, most universities that __76__ the NSF networkhad intracampus computer networks. The NSF network __77__ became a connectorfor thousands of other networks. __78__ a backbone system that interconnectsnetworks, internet was a name that fit. So we cansee that the Internet is the wired infrastructure (基础设施) on which web __79__ move. Itbegan as a military communication system, which expanded into agovernment-funded __80__ research network. Today, theInternet is a user-financed system tying intuitions of many sorts together__81__ an “informationsuperhighway.” 62. A.concise C.massive B.radical D.trivial 63. A.behaviors C.inventions B.endeavors D.elements 64. A.packed C.suppressed B.stuck D.bound 65. A.facilitated C.mobilized B.modified D.terminated 66. A.competitive C.exclusive B.comparative D.expensive 67. A.merges C.relays B.connects D.unifies 68. A.figures C.individuals B.personalities D.humans 69. A.and C.or B.yet D.while 70. A.samples C.origins B.sources D.precedents 71. A.stood by C.stood against B.stood for D.stood over 72. A.exchange C.switch B.bypass D.interact 73. A.their C.when B.that D.whose 74. A.expanded C.attracted B.contracted D.extended 75. A.what C.these B.which D.them 76. A.joined C.participated B.attached D.involved 77. A.moreover C.likewise B.however D.then 78. A.With C.In B.By D.As 79. A.contexts C.messages B.signs D.leaflets 80. A.citizen C.amateur B.civilian D.resident 81. A.into C.over B.amid D.toward Part VITranslation (5 minutes) 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答,只需写出译文部分。 82. With theoil prices ever rising, she tried to talk ________ (说服他不买车). 83. ________(保持幽默有助于)reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s competitive society.. 84. Whenconfronted with the evidence, ________ (他不得不坦白自己的罪行). 85. Whenpeople say, “I can feel myears burning,” it meansthey think ________ (一定有人在说他们坏话). 86. She hasdecided to go on a diet, but finds ________ (很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑). |