新概念必考考点整理(20):平行结构

风清扬

　　1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构

　　解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分，多是考试焦点。 全真例题分析

　　(1) Quartz may be transparency， translucent， or opaque，and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)

　　[答案] A 并列连词or连接三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故(A)应用形容词transparent与之并列。

　　(2) At the age of 94. Composer， conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess， written in 1935. (92.1)

　　[答案] A 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词，故(A)动名词应改为actress.

　　(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell， organ， tissues， or other part of the body such as (91.10)

　　[答案] C 并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故(C)亦应改为单数tissue.

　　(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products， alert them to new opportunities， and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)

　　[答案] C 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词原形，故(C)动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.

　　(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be

　　mistakes， misconceptions， or they were being tricked. (93.10)

　　[答案] D 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故(D)不应出现句子结构，而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。

　　(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing， swallowed and speaking.

　　[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词，故(D)亦应改为动名词swallowing.

　　2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等，比较范围相当。

　　全真列题分析

　　(1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States —— Henry Ford. A pioneer in

　　automobile production.

　　(A) as was

　　(B) than was

　　(C) than did

　　(D) as did (92.8)

　　[答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had，故选(C)than did与之平行。

　　(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than ——

　　(A) there are most other states

　　(B) most other states which have

　　(C) most other states have

　　(D) having most other states (93.10)

　　[答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有(C)的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。

　　(3) The annual worth of Utah*s manufacturing is greater than——

　　(A) that of its mining and farming combined

　　(B) mining and farming combination

　　(C) that mining and farming combined

　　(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)

　　[答案] A 此句比较的是utah的年产值(the annual worth) (A)中that即代替了the annual worth，故前后比较的范围，内容一致。

　　(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than——

　　(A) the domestic marketer has

　　(B) the domestic marketer does

　　(C) those of the domestic marketer

　　(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)

　　[答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动(the activities) 为避免同词重复，用(C)those来代替前面的名词the activities ，因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。

　　(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter ——

　　(A) than cane sugar does

　　(B) does cane sugar

　　(C) cane sugar

　　(D) than cane sugar (90.5)

　　[答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构，后半部不可出现助动词does(答案A及B)，但可省略系词，如(D)。

　　3. 比较句型 the +比较级…the+比较级要求前后结构相等。 全真例题分析

　　(1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope —— wavier it is.

　　(A) although

　　(B) which

　　(C) and

　　(D) the (92.1)

　　[答案] D The flatter a hair appears 与(D)the wavier it is 是完全对等的结构。

　　比较级 主语 谓语动词 比较级 主语 系动词

　　(2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner， —— to the body.

　　(A) the stress it is greater

　　(B) greater is the stress

　　(C) greater stress is

　　(D) the greater the stress (90.1)

　　[答案] D The less the surface 与答案(D) the greater the stress 是完全对等的结构。

　　4. 语意上的平行结构

　　解题要点：有一些词和短语表达比较的概念，尽管不是比较级句型，但同样要求前后对比双方同形式，同性质。

　　全真例题分析

　　(1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf —— of the telephone.

　　(A) than inventing

　　(B) than as the inventor

　　(C) the invention

　　(D) as the inventor (90.8)

　　[答案] B 表示比较概念的短语would rather …than应使用平行结构。

　　(2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions —— a politician.

　　(A) such

　　(B) more

　　(C) as

　　(D) than (90.1)

　　[答案] C 动词rival (比得上)要求比较二项结构相等。

　　(3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first —— any other state.

　　(A) that exceeded

　　(B) exceeded that

　　(C) exceeded that of

　　(D) that exceeded of (92.10)

　　[答案] C 动词exceeded (超过)要求比较的内容相当。(C)代词that用以指代比较的内容“farm output”

　　(4) It is common lcnowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)

　　[答案] D 连词 be fore用以引出先后发生的两个动作。从句意上看。这两个动作是对比关系，故应用平行结构。(D)改为a clap of thunder is heard ，与a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。