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动名词就是由动词转变而来的一种非谓语形式,其形式与动词现在分词一样(二者统称为V-ing形式),但用法不同。动名词在句中常作主语和某些动词、介词和短语动词的宾语等。
动名词也是中考英语中一个重要的考点。纵观近几年来的考题,对动名词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
考点一、动名词作句子主语
动名词可以作句子的主语。往往说明事物的普遍性、广泛性,多表示一种抽象概念。如:
Building houses is their job.盖房子是他们的工作。 Travelling is now becoming easier.旅行现在变得很容易。 It’s no good waiting for another hour.再等一个小时也没用。 友情提示:不定式与动名词都可以作主语,二者用法没有大的差异,只是不定式更强调具体性,往往有明确的时间,尤其表示将来的动作;而动名词是一种泛指,更具有普遍性。试比较: Reading is really fun.读书真有趣。 To read such a story is hard.读这样一个故事真是难。 考点二、动名词作动词宾语
在英语中,某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语,而不能用动词不定式。常见的动词主要有:finish, enjoy, mind, practice, suggest, keep, consider, miss等。如: I enjoy learning about new things.我喜欢了解新事物。
Would you mind calling back some time tomorrow?请你明天给我回电话好吗?
I have finished writing the composition.我已经写完了作文。 I am sorry I missed [url=]seeing[/url] you while you were in Beijing.很遗憾在北京时我没有见到你。 They decided to keep trying.他们决定继续试验。
考点三、动名词作介词的宾语牛津英语教师博客E4k epzt'B
动名词常用作介词宾语,此时多跟在某些固定短语之后。常见的有:be afraid / terrified of, be fond of, be proud of, be interested in, look forward to, pay attention to等。 如:
^1g6lws xW6` }6774 She is afraid of going out alone at night.她害怕晚上单独外出。
*k&x‑Q \Oy'za6774 The children are fond of reading storybooks.儿童喜欢看故事书。 I am proud of having a friend like you.我为有你这样的朋友感到骄傲。
Are you interested in going to the show?你有兴趣去看演出吗?
I’m looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。 Thank you for telling me the news.谢谢你告诉我这个消息。 考点四、动名词用在某些句型或固定搭配中
在某些句型或固定短语中只能接动名词作宾语,而不能用动词不定式。常见的有:be busy (in) doing sth. (忙于做某事),spend some time (in) doing sth. (花费时间做某事),stop / prevent sb. from doing sth. (阻止某人做某事),feel like doing sth.(意欲做某事),can’t help doing sth.(禁不住做某事),have fun doing sth.(很高兴做某事),have difficulty (in) doing sth. (做某事有困难),keep on doing sth.(继续做某事),succeed in doing sth.(成功做某事),make contribution to doing sth.(为做某事作贡献),be worth doing sth.(值得做某事),give up doing sth.(放弃做某事)等。如:
She couldn’t help crying when she heard the news.她听到这个消息时忍不住哭了起来。 I don’t feel like eating anything at the moment.现在我不想吃东西。
We are busy preparing for the final exam.我们正忙于准备期末考试。
Nobody can stop us from going there.谁也不能阻止我们去那里。 He succeeded in solving the problem.他终于把问题解决了。
考点五、动名词与不定式的选择 英语中,有部分动词,既可以接动名词,也可以接不定式,但用法有别。请看: ⑴love, like, begin, start, hate, prefer, continue等动词既可以接不定式作宾语,又可以接动名词作宾语,其意义区别不大。如: I like reading/to read China Daily and Washington Post.我喜欢读《中国日报》和《华盛顿邮报》。 Let’s continue playing/to play the PC game.咱们继续玩电脑游戏吧。 ⑵forget, remember, stop, go on, try, can’t help等词或短语其后接不定式和动名词作宾语,意思差别较大,要搞清不同含义。试比较: remember to do sth.记住要做某事(还未做) remember doing sth.记住做了某事(已做过) forget to do sth.忘了去做某事(还未做) forget doing sth.忘了做过某事(已做过) stop to do sth.停下来去做某事(另一件事)
stop doing sth.停止做某事(正在做的) go on to do sth.接下来去做某事(另一件事)
go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事)
try to do sth.尽力去做某事
try doing sth.试着做某事(看有无结果)
can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事
can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
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