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课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel,建造一条长 21英里的隧道的计划。
twenty-one-mile作 tunnel的修饰语,注意 mile为单数。plan for +名词/动名词表示"……的计划":
They always make plans for their holidays, but, in the end, they always stay at home.他们总是为假期制订各种计划,但是,末了,他们总是呆在家里。
He came with a plan for (building) a bridge over the river.他带来了在这条河上建一座桥的计划。
2.serve as,充当,起……的作用(也可以说 serve for)。
The books on the floor may serve as/ for a carpet.地板上的书可充当地毯用了。
This sofa can serve as/ for(a) bed.这张沙发可以当床用。
3.a better plan was put forward, 提出了一项更好的计划。
put forward为固定短语,可分开用,其含义之一是"提出(计划、建议等)":
You know they wouldn't accept your plan. Why did you put it forward?你知道他们不会接受你的计划。你为什么要提出来呢?
Has he put forward any suggestion?他提出什么建议了吗?
4.He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.他提议建一条双轨隧道。
suggest后面跟从句时,从句的谓语动词形式为 should(可省略)+动词原形(cf.第63课语法):
He suggested (that) they (should) change the plans.他建议他们改变计划。
suggest后面也可以跟名词或动名词形式。(cf.第47课词汇学习)
5.It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.它于1994年3月7日正式开通,将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起。
现在分词 connecting 引导的短语相当于一个并列分句。connect表示"连接"、"连结",可与to或with连用:
This road connects the willage with/to London.这条公路连接着这个村子与伦敦。
The lake and the canal are connected by a river.这个湖与运河之间由一条小河相连。
语法 Grammar in use
第3类条件句
(1)在第16课的语法中,我们学习了用第1类条件句表示将来很可能发生的事:
If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.一旦你把汽车停错了地方,交通警便很快就会发现。
在第40课的语法中,我们学习了用第2类条件句谈论想像中的情况或描写完全不可能的事:
If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!如果你多吃点,少说点,我们两个都会吃得好的!
If I were you, I would not go to London tomorrow.如果我是你,我明天就不去伦敦。(婉转的建议)
(2)第3类条件句的基本结构与前两类都不一样,if从句需用过去完成时,主句用 would have/should have+过去分词形式:
If it had rained, we would have stayed at home.要是下雨,我们就会呆在家里了。
第3类条件句在if从句里设想纯粹想像的事情,在主句里讲述想像的结果。它与第2类条件句有一定的相似之处。但是,第3类条件句所谈的是没有或永远不可能有的结果,因为它们指的是过去没有过的事情。它们是所谓的"假设条件句":
If I had worked harder at school, I'd have go a better job.要是我上学时勤奋一些,我就会有较好的工作了。(事实是现在的工作不太好)
在 if从句中可用 could have+过去分词代替 had been able to +动词原形
词汇学习 Word study
1.fear vt.
(1)害怕,畏惧:
If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, the tunnel would have been completed.如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵,隧道早就建成了。
She fears speaking in public.她害怕当众讲话。
(2)恐怕,猜想(比 be afraid要正式):
We fear/It is feared/ We're afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash.
在这次撞车事故中恐怕有许多人丢了性命。
I fear that she has lost her way in the forest.
我担心她在森林里迷路了。
2.动词 draw 的一些短语
动词draw的主要含义之一是"拉"、"拖",它与不同的小品词连用可以有不同的含义。
(1)draw in,使……进入;吸入:
If a train entered the tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.如果有一列火车开进隧道,它就把新鲜空气随之抽了进来。
The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in.花的香味使我们走进了这家商店。
(2)draw back,后退,后缩;收回,撤回:
If you take part in the race, you mustn't draw back.你如果参加比赛,就一定不能退出/后退。
You must finish the work by yourselves now. They have drawn back their people.你们得靠自己完成这项工作。他们已把他们的人员撤走了。
(3)draw up,停住,使……停住;起草,制订,拟订:
I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me.我正在一家商店门口等吉尔时,一辆出租车停在了我身边。
Have any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries?这两个国家之间又签订什么新协议了吗?
(4)draw off,撤走,离开:
The villagers had to draw off because of the flood.由于洪水的缘故,村民们不得不撤走。
When the others were talking loudly, he quietly drew off.其他人大声交谈时,他悄悄地离开了。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1.关键句型练习答案
A Three sentences: 1.5,Type 2;
1.9, Type 2;
1.10,Type 3
C 1 would have been able 2 could have come 3 would not have made
4 were 5 is
2.难点练习答案
1 up 2 back 3 up
3.多项选择题答案
1 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 b 6 b
7 c 8 c 9 a 10 b 11b 12 b
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