大学英语四级考试15选10专项训练(三)

遇见明天

Unit Eleven

Passage 2

  Personality is, to a large extent,inherent—A-type parents, usually bring about A-type children. But theenvironment must also have a 11 effect, wince if competition isimportant to the parents it is likely to become a major 12 in the lives of their children.

  

   One place where children soak up Acharacteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitiveinstitution. Too many schools 13 the " win at all costs" moralstandard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current 14for making children compete against their classmates or against the clockproduces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some waybetter than their B-type fellows. Being 15 keen to win can havedangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner,dropped dead seconds after saying; "cheers, we conquer!"

  

  By far the worst form of competition inschools is the extreme 16 on examinations. It is a rare school thatallows pupils to 17 on those things they do well. The merits ofcompetition by examination are somewhat 18 , but competition in thecertain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

  Obviously, it is neither 19 nor desirable that all A youngsterschange into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty totry to 20 a child's personality to his possible future employment. It istop management.

A. enough      B. fit   C. emphasis     D. practical  E. innumerable   

F. concentrate  G.    adopt    H. questionable  I. profound

J. factor     K. too    L.  substanceM. passion  N. emotion O. fix      

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UNIT 12

Passage 2

  As the 11 of life continues toincrease, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in habit ofrushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard toslow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.

  

  Stress is a natural part of everyday life andthere is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often 12to be. A certain amount of stress is 13 to provide motivation and givepurpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it canlead to poor 14 and ill health.

  

   The amount of stress a person can 15depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, andsuch characters are 16 prime material for managerial responsibilities.Others lose heart at the first signs of 17 difficulties. When exposed tostress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact wemake choice between "fight" or "flight" and in moreprimitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. Thecrises we meet today are unlikely to be so 18 , but however little thestress, it involves the same response.

  

   It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued 19 to stress, that health becomes endangered. Suchserious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have establishedlinks with stress. Since we cannot 20 stress from our lives(it would beunwise to do so even if we could) , we need to find ways to deal with it.

A. cancel    B. pace  C.extreme D. automatically

E. remove  F. vital   G.performance   H. supposed

I.   rate   J. exposure       K.achievement     L. unusual

M  obviously    N withstand     Oharsh

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Unit Thirteen

Passage 2

    What is your favorite color? Do you likeyellow, orange, red? If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an activeperson who 11 life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys andblues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead.You 12 to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us,and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning ofcolor preference, as well as the effect that colors have on human beings. Theytell us, among other 13 , that we do not choose our favorite color as wegrow up—we are born with our preference. If you happen to love brown, you didso, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could seeclearly.

    Colors do 14 our moods—there is nodoubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and morerelaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to thesaddest winter day. On the other hand, black is 15 .A black bridge overthe Thames River, near London, used to be the 16 of more suicides thanany other bridge in the area—until it was repainted green. The number ofsuicide attempts immediately fell 17 ; perhaps it would have fallen evenmore if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.

   Light and 18 colors make people not only happier but more active.It is

an 19 fact that factory workers work better, harder, and havefewer      20 when their machinesare painted orange rather than black or grey.

A.  bright   B. scene     C. wholly    D. favor

E.  facts    F. depressing  G. accidents   H. interfere

I. established  J. incidents K. disgusting  L.  sharply

M.  enjoys N.  tend     O. influence         

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Unit Fourteen

Passage 2

  Women are also underrepresented in theadministration and this is because there are so few women 11 professors.In 1985, Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas Systemadministration for not 12 women. The University was rated among thelowest for the system. In a 1587 update, Milburn 13 and praised the progressthat was made and called for even more 14

  One of the positive results from her study wasa system-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.

  College of Communication AssociateDean, Patricia Witherspoon, said it is important that woman be 15 whenit comes to relocating if they want to 16 in the ranks.

  Although a woman may face a chilly 17on campus, many times in order for her to succeed, she must rise above theproblems around her and concentrate on her work.

  Until women make up a greater 18 of thesenior positions in the University and all academia, inequalities will exist.

  

  "Women need to spend their energies andtime doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that they will be 19 in this system. If they spend their time inlittle groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here,they are 20 wasting valuable study time. "

A. full B. recalled C. improvement   D. rise

E.encouraging    F.  flexible   G. recognized H. idly

I. ratio     J.     persuading K.    movable    L.  possibly

M. successful N. climate   O. percentage

     

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Unit Fifteen

Passage 2

  In October 1987, the National Board forProfessional Teaching Standards began its work to set new standards ofaccomplishment for  the teaching professionand to improve the 11 of education available to all children in the United States.

  

  Teachers are 12 to students and theirlearning. They must act on the belief that all students can learn. They must recognize13 differences in their students and adjust their practice 14 .They must know that their mission extends beyond developing the cognitivecapacity of their students. They must be 15 with their students'self-concept, with their motivation, and with the development of character.

  

   Teachers must know the subjects they teach andhow to teach them. They must 16 specialized knowledge of how to convey asubject to students. Teachers are responsible for managing and monitoringstudent learning. They must call on 17 methods to meet their goals,knowing and being able to 18 avariety of instructional skills. Teachers must think systematically about theirpractice and learn from experience, seeking the 19 of others and drawingon education research and scholarship to improve their practice.

  

  As members of learning communities, teachers contribute to school effectiveness by collaborating with other professionals. They take_20 of communityresources, cultivating knowledge of their school's community as a powerfulresource for learning.

A. employ     B. advice       C. quantity    D. committed

E. command   F.  consulted   G. manual  H.    approximately

I. concerned    J.  advantage    K. multiple  L.  accordingly

M. individual   N. embrace       O. quality         

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