得“中心”者得阅读高分（方案三）

风清扬

　　第三，熟练解题法宝与步骤——做题胸有成竹

　　做主旨大意类试题多采用略读法，阅读时一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。略读法是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法，略读的关键是能抓住文章要点的前提下，以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是尽快获得足够且有效信息以便准确的回答问题。利用略读法去做阅读题时，要特别注意首尾两段，要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，这是高效地抓住段落要点的捷径，同时也是准确理解文章大意的有效途径。在做题时要注意以下步骤：

　　1.先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。

　　2.再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句，或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨或中心。找准主题句。阅读时要对容易出现主题句的地方特别注意。

　　3.以掌握主旨为前提，准确推断作者语气、态度或意图等其他深层次问题。注意正确的选项往往与文章的中心或主旨相关的。

　　4.把握文章结构，提高对文章整体结构的把握能力。对于议论文或说明文尤为重要，在此类文章中常用某个细节来引出题目从而进行议论，在议论的过程中可能会出现一些论据或细节描述，这部分常被设置为此类试题的干扰项。

　　5.最后但也是最重要的一点，掌握了其解题技巧，还要通过练习来提高自己的解题能力，学习到的技巧运用于做题实践中，这样也有助于发现自己学习中的优势和劣势。俗话说，熟能生巧。相信你的解题能力不知不觉会实现质的飞跃。

　　【典例】

　　For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.

　　The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots .he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.

　　Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.

　　The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操纵杆). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.

　　Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.

　　Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.

　　“It just allows us to do something we’ve not been able to do before,” Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.”

　　He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged building.

　　Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.

　　Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.

　　What is the text mainly about?

　　A. Snake-like robots used in industries.

　　B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.

　　C. The development of snake-like robots.

　　D. The working principles of snake-like robots.

　　【点拨】 B。　 该题是考查文章的主旨大意。文章的第一段只是引出这一话题，第二段才是本文的主题，第二段中提到Choest研究 snake-like robots是因为he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies，由此可知，Choset 研究蛇形机器人是为了在自然灾害或其他的紧急事故中起作用。