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小升初名词专项
(1).名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,不可数名词没有单复数,一律看作单数。例如:food, meat, bread, tea, water, milk, ink, orange, drink, rice, fish等。
(2).可数名词的单数前什么时候用a,什么时候用an?
答:以元音音标(或音素)开头的用an,
以辅音音标(或音素)开头的用a。
注意:我们看的是音标(或音素),而不是元音字母。
1>选择a或an或者不填(用/来表示)
pen bag
apple big apple
banana orange
oranges orange pen
hour [hauE]小时 house [haus]房子
umbrella [Qm5brelE]雨伞
university [7ju:ni5vE:siti] 大学
A[ei] U[ju:] H[eitF]
R[a:] B[bi:] M[em]
E chick water
child children
2>用a/an填空:
①Is it Chinese book or English book?
②This is ring, and it is orange ring.
③Mary is English teacher. Tom is Chinese teacher.
④This is bike. It’s old bike.
⑤This is telephone number.
⑥That is ID card.
⑦I lost my keys. It’s set of keys.
⑧It’s apple, not pear.
⑨This is peach. That’s orange.
⑩You have banana, but I have egg.
用a/an填空:
①Is there umbrella on the desk?
②There is island in the sea.
③There is picture on the card.
④I have old book.
⑤ apple is a kind of fruit.
⑥There is armchair[a:mtFeE(r)] in the living room.
⑦I’d like egg.
⑧Look, there is bird in the tree.
⑨Is there map on the wall?
⑩There is bench[bentF] in the park.
(3). 可数名词的变化规则:
一般规则:
1>一般在词尾加s,如:books,bags,fruits。加s之后的读音规则:
①清清浊浊,即清辅音后读清辅音[s],如books [buks]
②浊辅音后读浊辅音[z],如bags [bAgz]
③元音音标后面读[z],如boys [bRiz]
④t后读[ts],d后读[dz]
如:cats[kAts] birds[bE:dz]
请写出下列名词复数加s后的读音:
例:boats [] birds []
pens[ ] ducks [ ]
dogs [ ] chicks [ ]
bears [ ] rabbits [ ]
cards [ ] flowers [ ]
2>以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,读[iz]
如:bus——buses [5bQsiz]公交车
box——boxes [5bRksiz] 盒子
watch——watches [5wRtFiz]手表
brush——brushes [5brQFiz]刷子
写出下列名词的复数并写出所加s或es后的音标。
glass —— [ ]
match —— [ ]
wish —— [ ]
3>以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es,读[iz];以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接在词尾加s。
如:baby —— babies [5beibiz] 婴儿
写出下列名词的复数:
butterfly — sky —
boy — toy —
4>以f、fe结尾的名词变f、fe为ves,读[vz]
如:wolf [wulf] 狼——wolves []
写出下列名词的复数:
wife(妻子)— life(生命)—
knife(小刀)—
5>以o结尾的名词加es 的有:hero[5hi ] 英雄
Nigro [5nigrEu] 黑人 tomato [tE’meitEu]西红柿potato [pE‘teitEu]土豆,其他的以o结尾的名词直接在词尾加s
如:zoo——zoos photo——photos
(4)名词复数的不规则变化:
man—men男人
woman[wumEn]—women [5wimin] 女人
tooth [tu:W]—teeth [ti:W] 牙齿
foot [fut]—feet [fi:t] 脚,英尺
goose [gu:s]—geese [gi:z] 鹅
mouse [maus] —mice [mais] 老鼠
child [tFaild]—children [5tFildrEn] 孩子
(5)单复同形的名词有:
Chinese [5tFaini:z] 中国人
Japanese [7dVApE5ni:z]日本人
sheep [Fi:p] 绵羊
deer [diE] 鹿
fish [fiF] 鱼
注意:fish①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如three fish.
②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es.
如:all kinds[kaindz] of fishes .各种各样的鱼
③当鱼肉讲时,不可数。
(6)名词修饰名词时的复数情况:
a man teacher 一个男老师
two men teachers 两个男老师
a woman teacher 一个女老师
two women teachers 两个女老师
只有当man和woman修饰名词时,前后两个名词都变复数。其他的名词修饰名词,只把最后的名词变为复数。
如:a girl student 一个女学生
two girl students 两个女学生
翻译:
两个男工人
两个女工人
两个小孩
3个中国人
3条鱼
4只绵羊
4只鹿
5只鹅
5英尺
6颗牙齿
6个女人
7只脚
7个男人
写出下列句子的复数句子:
① This is my friend.
② That is his brother.
③ Is this your sister?
④ Is that her cousin?
⑤ What’s this?
⑥ This is an apple tree.
⑦ It is an old backpack.
写出下列单词的复数形式:
bird—( ) chick—( )
chick-( ) fish---( )
church—( ) pencil box—( )
toy----( ) donkey—( )
monkey—( ) baby----( )
candy---( ) family---( )
potato---( ) tomato—( )
选择填空:
① It’s autumn[C:tEm ], are falling(降落)down from trees.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leaves
② There are five under the tree.
A. sheep B. sheepes C. ships D. sheeps
③ –What are these in English?-____are stamps.[stAmp]
A. They B. It C. Those
(7)不可数名词的用法:
1>不可数名词前面不能用a,an来修饰,但可以与the连用,表示特指。
2>不可数名词不能和具体的数词(one,two,three,…等)连用。
3>不可数名词不能用指示代词this,that,these,those来修饰,但可以用some,much来修饰。例如:some orange一些橘汁 much water许多水
常用的不可数名词有三类,
①液体:water (水) coffee(咖啡) juice(果汁) 等,例如:
a cup of water 一杯水 a bottle of juice 一瓶果汁
翻译:一杯咖啡:
一瓶牛奶:
一杯茶:
②肉类meat [mi:t]肉类,beef [bi:f]牛肉,pork[pC:k]猪肉,mutton[mQtn]羊肉等。注意:肉类中chicken 为鸡肉时不可数,为小鸡时可数(keep chicken养鸡)。
③固定用法:bread 面包;rice 大米,米饭;grass草;glass,当”玻璃”讲不可数: hair 头发当满头白发中的几根黑发时,或满头黑发中的几根白发时可数。weather[5weTE(r)] 天气; fun 有趣的事或人;advice[Ed5vaIz;]建议; information[ InfEmeIFEn ]信息,情报
翻译:给我一些面包:
我喜欢吃米饭:
勿踏草坪(walk, on the grass):
我们度假时天气真好。(on holiday)
玩的高兴:
给Sam一些建议吧。
好的/坏的消息:
4>不可数名词“量”的表示方法: 在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”
的概念,可以用以下两种方法:
① 用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。例如:
There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。
Is there any water in the glass? 杯子里有水吗?
There is too much snow and ice. 冬天有很多的雪和冰。
Linda has a lot of books. 琳达有很多书。
翻译:瓶子里有一些豆奶。(soybean[5sCi bi:n] milk)
杯子里有茶吗?
桌子上有很多菠萝和葡萄。
Daisy有很多笔记本。(notebook)
② 用a piece(bottle, glass…) of 这类定语表示。例如:
a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of bread 一片面包
a bottle of orange一瓶橘汁 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶
翻译:一条新闻(news):
一个意见(advice[Ed5vaIs]):
一块蛋糕:
一瓶墨水(ink):
如果要表示“两杯茶”,“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:
two cups of tea 两杯茶
four pieces of paper 四张纸
three glasses of water 三杯水
翻译:两瓶果汁:
三张纸:
四杯水:
5>练习题:
选择题:
① – would you like something to drink, Tara?
-Yes, I’d like some
A. sandwiches B. hot dogs C. water D. bread
② The little baby has two already.
A.tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
③Help yourself to .
A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken
D. any chicken
④The teachers have two to live in.
A. woman; room B. women; rooms
C. woman; rooms D. women; room
⑤They are very thirsty. Will you please give them ?
A. some bottles of waters
B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water
D. any bottle of milk
将下列词组译成英语:
① 两箱书
② 四篮子鸡蛋
③ 三副眼镜
④女医生们
⑤一条裤子
⑥两杯牛奶
⑦十滴红墨水(drop, ink)
⑧一组队员
⑨一块蛋糕
⑩两排大树 |
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