新概念必考考点整理(19):独立主格结构

风清扬

　　此独立形式只是一个小短语，而不是主谓完整的简单句，又称之为独立分词构句。当分词意义上的主语不是主句的主语时，必须在分词前保留意义上的主语，否则语意不通。(定义有点费解，多看几遍)

　　示例：

　　Being ill in bed, I can't go to school.

　　Mother being ill in bed, I can't go to school.

　　(1) 独立主结构形式可用以表时间，理由，条件，伴随状态等

　　He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.

　　= He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.

　　Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.

　　= If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.

　　School being over, the boys went home.

　　= When school was over, the boys went home.

　　The sun having set, we arrived at the station.

　　= After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.

　　王牌重点：当独立主格结构的主语表示“一般人”，如：we, one, you时，主语可省略，此用法常用于下列表达方式中：

　　generally speaking 一般来说

　　strictly speaking 严格地说

　　talking of ... 谈到

　　speaking of ... 说到

　　judging from ... 由……来判断

　　taking all things into consideration 把一切都考虑在内

　　considering ... 考虑到……

　　[示例]：

　　If we judge from his face, he must be ill.

　　= Judging from his face, he must be ill.

　　He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.

　　= He has lots of books, considering that he is young.

　　(2)with 复合结构也是独立主格结构形式之一。这种结构在句中作状语(表示原因，方式，伴随等)和定语，作定语时紧随被修饰名词后。

　　1.with+ 名词 + 介词短语：

　　The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.

　　The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand.

　　2.with + 名词 + adj.

　　with the door open, he left the classroom.

　　3.with + 名词 + adv.

　　With the gloves off, she felt cold.

　　With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.

　　4.with + 名词 + 现在分词(主动)

　　with + 名词 + 过去分词(被动)

　　Withthe guide leading us, we got to the village.

　　The boy was crying with the vase broken.

　　5.with + 名词 + 不定式

　　With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.

　　真题练习

　　1. I have a lot of books, half of ________ novels.

　　A. which B. that C. whom D. them

　　2. ________ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.

　　A. because B. as C. With D. Since

　　3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ________ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.

　　A. them B. who C. whom D. which

　　4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of ________ over 600 years old.

　　A. which B. that C. them D. it

　　5. The cave ________ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light.

　　A. was; given B. was; to give C. being; given D. being; to give

　　6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat.

　　A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering

　　7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________.

　　A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze

　　C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze

　　8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day.

　　A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished

　　9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.

　　A. their B. whose C. which D. that

　　10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, ________ Land Rover of the latest.

　　A. another B. other C. the other D. the others

　　参考答案

　　1. D。half of them novels 为独立主格结构，相当于 and half of them are novels。

　　2. C。考查“with + 名词 + 过去分词”结构。

　　3. A。most of them carrying...为独立主格结构，相当于 and most of them were carrying...，也可改为：most of whom were carrying。注意改动后连词 and 的使用和动词 were的使用。

　　4. C。all of them over 600 years old 为独立主格结构，相当于 and all of them are over 600 years old。

　　5. D。第一空填 being，构成独立主格结构;第二空填不定式表目的。

　　6. C。独立主格结构，his right hand 与hold有主谓关系，故用holding,而 his face与 cover是动宾关系，故用covered.

　　7. D。her long hair 与 flowing 是主动关系，这是“独立主格结构”作状语。

　　8. B。因lessons与动词finish之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词。其实，their lessons finished for the day为独立主格结构。

　　9. A。此题容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实，句中的their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。

　　10. D。易误选C。后面部分实际上是独立主格结构形式，省略了being。补充完整就是：The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one being a Toyota, the others being Land Rover of the latest. (两个独立主格结构均表伴随状语)