动词的时态五

hellokitty

5．现在完成时

1） 现在完成时的构成：have / has + 动词的过去分词

2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：

主   语        肯 定 式        否 定 式        疑 问 式

第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数        I /We/You/ They have been here before.

He/ She has been here before.

.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.        I /We/You/ They haven’t been here before.

He/ She hasn’t been here before .

.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people haven’t seen the film.        Have you/ they been here before?

Has he/ she been here before?

Have you/ they/ many people seen the film?

在完成时的用法：

1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用.如:

She has never read this novel.他从未读过这本小说.(他对小说的内容不了解)

2、表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去.常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:

I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.

        I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.

注：在有for和since引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：

    He has died for 3 years.(F)

He has been dead for 3 years.(T)

注意：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等

      ②have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）

        have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了）

      如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)

         Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)

例题解析

--How long ______ he ______ a fever?

--- Ever since last night.

A. have, got     B. have , had    C. have, caught   D. did, have

解析：此句表示从昨晚起持续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时，去掉答案D。因为是段时间， 所以不能用短暂行动词，get和catch都是短暂行动词。 因此选B.

My bowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?

A. drinks      B. had drunk   C. has drunk     D. drank

解析：碗是空的了，这里强调的是所发生的动作造成的结果。 “谁把我的汤都喝了。应选C.

3.  I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______?

   A. Didn’t seen; did, go   B. didn’t see; have, gone   C. haven’t seen; have, been    D. haven’t seen; have gone

解析：for+段时间一般预先在完成时连用。“你去哪儿了？”（在这段时间你不在）应选C。

蜡笔小新