break的用法

djt000

一、break的基本用法

（一）作动词

1. 作及物动词

①打破；打碎；使折断

如：Take care not to break the cup.

小心别把茶杯打碎了。

If you pull too hard you will break the rope.

如果你太用力拉，就会把绳子拉断。

②违背；违反

如：He accused his father of having broken his word.

他指责他的父亲违背诺言。

The worker broke the rule of running this machine.

这名工人违反了操作这台机器的规则。

③减弱（力量）；打破（记录）；中断（某事）

如：The government is determined to break the power of the trade unions.

政府决心削弱工会的势力。

She is eager to break the Olympic 100 meters record.

她渴望打破奥运会100米记录。

2. 作不及物动词

①折断；破碎

如：The thread breaks where it is weakest.

线在最脆弱的地方容易断。

The rope broke and he fell to the ground.

绳子断了，他摔到了地上。

②（天）亮；（消息）突然传出；（身体或精神）垮掉

如：As I walked home the dawn was just breaking over Paris.

我启程回家时，巴黎的天刚蒙蒙亮。

There was a public outcry when the scandal broke.

丑闻传开后引起了公愤。

He broke under questioning and confessed to everything.

他经受不住盘问，精神上垮了下来，于是供认了一切。

(二)作名词（通常为可数名词）

1. 间歇；休息时间（尤指工作期间）

如：She's worked for 27 hours without a break.

她已经不间断地工作了二十七个小时。

2. 机会；运气（多用于口语中）

如：Give him a break and he'll succeed. 给他一个机会，他会成功的。

二、由break构成的常用搭配

1. break down (机器)坏了；（计划、谈判）失败；（谈话、通讯）中断

如：We are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down.

很抱歉我们来晚了，但是由于车坏了。

Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.

双方的谈判已经破裂。

2. break into 破门而入；打断（谈话）；（不得已）占用

如：He broke into our talk rudely.

他粗鲁地打断了我们的谈话。

His father broke into his money in order to buy a car.

为了买车，他父亲只好用了他的钱。

3. break off 突然停止；中断（谈判）；断绝（关系）

如：These two countries have broken off relations again.

这两个国家又断交了。

4. break out （战争、瘟疫、火灾等）爆发

如：World War II broke out in September 1939.

第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。

5. break up散会、（学期）结束、驱散（集会）、（精神上）垮掉

如：When does school break up?

本学期什么时候结束？