such和so的区别

violet417

    1. so副词，意思是“如此、这样”，后面常接形容词或副词；such形容词，意思是“如此、这样”，修饰名词，即可接可数名词，也可以接不可数名词。

    2.such a/ an +形容词+单数可数名词；so +形容词+a/an+单数名词。

　　such除了修饰单数可数名词外，还可以修饰复数名词和不可数名词，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。

　　例如：

　　It's such a fine day.

　　It’s so fine a day.

　　3.如果复数名词前有few，many等形容词；不可数名词前有little，much等形容词，就必须用so，而不能用such。例如：

　　The camel had such a long neck. 骆驼长着那样长的脖子。

　　Don’t make so much noise! 别那么大声嚷嚷。

　　4. such…that作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so…that意思相同，但用法不同。如：so…that这一结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。因此，

　　such…that的句型结构可分以下三种：

　　1) such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that…clause

　　He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.

　　他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。

　　He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.

　　他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。

　　2)such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that…clause

　　They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.

　　这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。

　　3)such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that…clause

　　He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.

　　他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。

　　注意：如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so.例如：

　　He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.

　　他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。

　　There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close tothe building.　街上有那么多人观看大火，以致于消防队员无法接近大楼。

　　so…that也作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。so…that与such…that意思相同，但用法不同。现将so…that用法总结如下：

　　so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容词或副词）

　　He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.

　　他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。

　　Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him. (=He is so good a doctor that

　　everybody loves and respects him. =He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.)

　　他是一位好医生，大家都尊敬并爱戴他。

　　so that与so ... that ...的用法在近几年来全国各省市的中考试题中出现率较高，一直是历年来中考试题的重要考点。下面结合近几年来的中考试题，将so that与so ... that ... 的用法归纳如下：

　　一、so that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以”。如：

　　1. The little boy saved every coin _____ ______ he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.(用所给的短语填空，每个短语只能用一次)(2003大连市) (答案为so that。)

　　2. She bought a digital camera online _____ she would save a lot of time. (2003扬州市)A.so that B.as soon as C.no matter D.such that (答案为A。)

　　二、so＋形容词或副词＋that ...引导结果状语从句。

　　(一)so＋形容词或副词＋that ...引导的肯定的结果状语从句，意思是“如此……以致于……”。如：

　　3.— _____ fine day it is today! —Yes,the sunshine is _____ beautiful that I'd like to go swimming in the sea. (2003青岛市)

　　A. How, such B. What a, very C. How, so D. What a, so

　　4.当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以致于大喊大叫。(根据中文意思完成句子，每空一词。)(2003北京市海淀区)When the football fans saw Beckham, they got _____ excited _____ they cried out. (答案为so，that。)

　　(二)so＋形容词或副词＋that ...引导的否定的结果状语从句，意思是“如此……以致于不能……”。如：

　　5. The camera is _____ expensive _____ I can't afford it

　　A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that

　　6. Miss Gao asked a question, but it was _____ that nobody could answer it.

　　A.very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult enough D. so difficult

　　注意：当that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，so ... that ...可以与be ... enough to do转换；当从句为否定句时，可以与too ... to ... 或be not ... enough to do转换。如：

　　7. David was so careless that he didn't find the mistakes in his test paper. (变为简单句)(2003福州市)

　　David was _____ careless _____ find the mistakes in his test paper.

　　8. A：The boy is so young that he can't look after himself.

　　   B：The boy is not _____ to look after himself.(改写句子，使B句与A句意思相近)(2004年桂林市)(答案为old enough。)

　　so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句有时候可以与such ... that ...句型相互转换。如：

　　9. The stone is so heavy that I can't lift it up

　　 It is _____ a heavy stone _____ I can't lift it up.(改写句子)