NCE2 Lesson 62 Affer the fire笔记

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                                                                                                         Lesson 62    Affer the fire

【New words and expressions】

control          n. 控制

smoke          n. 烟

desolate          adj. 荒凉的

threaten          v. 威胁

surrounding          adj. 周围的

destruction          n. 破坏，毁灭

flood          n. 洪水，水灾

authority          n. （常用复数）当局

grass-seed          n. 草籽

spray          v. 喷撒

quantity          n. 量

root         n. 根

century          n. 世纪

patch          n. 小片

blacken          v. 变黑，发暗

★control     n. 控制

in control     在控制之内

under control     在控制之下,被控制

out of control    失控

control<v.>  sth.  

I can control it. =I can manage it.    我能对付(口语)

under arrest <n.>     被逮捕

★smoke     n. 烟（雾）

full of smoke     充满烟雾

smokey     adj. 多烟的（名词加-y, 变为形容词）

smokey area   吸烟区 ； nonsmokey area    禁烟区

rain – rainy ； cloud - cloudy

smoker     n. 抽烟的人

heavy smoker   烟瘾重的人 ； nonsmoker  不抽烟的人

smoke   v. 吸烟

Don't smoke! = No smoking!

He smoked heavily.

smoking area / smoking room    吸烟室

smoking apartment     火车上的吸烟车厢

cigarette = cigar     n. 香烟

★desolate      adj. 荒凉的

desolate      adj. 荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无人居住, 荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的(与人相连时)

lonely []    adj. 孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）

★threaten     v. 威胁的

threaten to do sth.     威胁着要做……（与人相连）；有迹象表明……

It threatened to rain.    有迹象表明天要下雨了。

threaten sb. with sth.     以……来威胁/恐吓某人

  The thief threatened him with a knife.

  The whole village is threatened with destruction.

★surrounding     adj. 周围的

surroundings []     n. 环境(在周边的事物)

atmosphere []      n. 大气层, 氛围(在周边的人文环境)

★destruction      n. 破坏, 毁灭

destroy      v. 破坏

destructive     adj. 毁灭性的

construct      v. 建设(为……创造更好的条件)

construction     n.  建设, 建筑

construction bank     建设银行

constructive      adj. 建设性的(意见)

build     v. 建设(具体的建某物)

★flood      n. 洪水, 水灾

flood = floods 都对，都可以用，无区别

★authority []      n. 当局(常用复数authorities)

authority    n. 权威（单数）

★spray      v. 喷撒

spray sth. over/on      往……上喷洒

spray water over/on flower

spray grass-seed over/on the ground

★quantity     n. （数）量

quantities of     大量的……

quality     n. 质量

sth. with good quality      具有好质量的东西

★root      n. 根

What is the root cause?    根本原因是什么？

root of…      ……的根

take root     生根

come out     长出来

shoot come out     发芽（shoot    n. 芽）

flower come out    开花

get out     出去

★patch      n. 小片，颜色和周围不同的部分

patch     n. (平面上的)一片, 补丁(本意)

  What is that yellow patch on the wall?    墙上那块黄斑是什么？

a patch of   一小片 ；patches of    许多片

There are patches of cloud in the sky.

a piece of / a bit of / a sheet of    一片，一块……

★blacken     v. 变黑，发暗

The smoke has blacken the walls.    烟把墙熏黑了。

-en后缀表示动词，译为“使……变得……”

weak     adj. 虚弱的 ——> weaken     v. 使……变弱，削弱

复合词（由两个词组合而成一个词），如fireman

派生词（加前缀或后缀的词）如-tion —— 名词后缀； - less —— 形容词后缀

【Text】

Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

参考译文

消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期才最后把火势控制住. 就在不久之前, 参天大树还覆盖着方圆数英里的土地. 而现在, 发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾, 弥漫在荒凉的山丘上. 冬季即将来临, 这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁, 因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤, 而且还会引起严重的水灾. 在大火最后被扑灭后, 森林管理当局订购了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽. 飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上. 飞机撒播近一个月后, 开始下起雨来. 然而到那时, 很多地方的草已经生了根. 一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上, 代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树.

【课文讲解】

1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.

fight sth.     和……作搏斗

get it under control表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使……处于某种状态”的含义，“get+宾语+介词短语”作宾补:

The Government can no longer keep prices under control.    政府已控制不住物价。

Get the room in order.

2、A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.

a short time before和a short time ago都可以与段时间相连

a short time before    不久以前，从过去某一点时间算起，一段时间以前

a short time ago    过去某段时间，从现在算起，一段时间以前

for miles around     方圆几英里（around表示“在周围，向四周”）

  This is the only modern building for miles around.

3、Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.

rise up (from)    升上来

smoke rise up    (烟、雾)弥漫

4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.

winter was coming on    冬季即将来临 (季节的来临的通用表达式)，come on的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的“到来，来临”：

  When spring comes on, there will be flowers everywhere.

  I was still in the forest when night came on.

wash away      冲掉，冲走，洗掉

  A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.

  I can’t wash the spot away.

5、When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.

put out    扑灭

order    定购

type 强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同的特征的种类，与kind有区别

6、The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.

quantity单数时仅表示“数量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：

  They drank a large /great /small quantity of beer last night.

quantity复数时表示“大量”：

  He bought books in (large) quantities.

7、By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.

take root表示“生根”，这个短语也可以表示某处思想/想法等“扎根”：

  This type of grass takes root easily.

  The idea has taken root in his mind.

8、In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

in place of     替代，取代 (只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了)

In place of a cup , I put a vase there.    以前放的是茶杯，现在放的是花瓶。

Jane answered the phone in place of Mary.

instead of     替代+没做的事

Instead of staying home, I went to school. （此句就不能用“in place of”，而指地点空间时，既可以用“in place of”也可以用“instead of”。）