2020年全球大学毕业生或短缺？

Amy

By 2020, there will be about 38 million to 40 million too few college and university graduates to satisfy the demands of the global labor market, a report issued this month has found. At the same time, there will be a surplus of up to 95 million low-skill workers globally, according to the study, conducted by the McKinsey Global Institute. The report bases its estimates on the projection of a global work force of 3.5 billion by the year 2020, compared with 2.9 billion today. “Unemployment for less skilled workers is currently running two to three times that of those skilled workers with university or post-graduate degrees,” said Richard Dobbs, one of the authors of the report. China will have to increase its educated work force in order to fulfill its need for 23 million high-skill workers by 2020, the report said. Despite the old stereotype about arts majors, Americans and Canadians with arts degrees are by and large employed and happy with their work, according to a new report released last week by the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project at Indiana University. The report, titled “A Diverse Palette,” considered degrees in performance, design, architecture, creative writing, music composition, choreography, film, illustration and fine art. It found that 87 percent of arts alumni who are working are content with their jobs, whether or not they work as artists, and that 82 percent of respondents felt they brought creativity to their jobs. The specific discipline played an important role in employability, the study suggested. For example, 82 percent of those with a dance degree said they had worked or were working as an artist. That was only true of 30 percent with art history degrees. Many arts graduates became involved in education: 57 percent of arts graduates have taught at some point in their career, and 27 percent are doing so currently, the report found.

本月公布的最新报告显示，到2020年，高校毕业生的数量将无法满足就业市场的需求。届时，全球高校毕业生的缺口将达3800万到4000万。 由麦肯锡全球研究所最新发布的这份报告同时指出，全球低技能工人届时将过剩9500万人。 预计到2020年，全球劳动力将达到35亿，目前这一数字为29亿。该报告的预测正是基于这一组数据对比得出的。 该报告的作者之一理查德-多布兹说：“目前低技能工人的失业率是高校毕业生出身的技术员工的2到3倍。” 报告指出，中国必须增加受过教育的劳动力人数。到2020年，中国对此类劳动力的需要量将达到2300万。 根据印第安纳大学国家战略艺术校友项目中心上周发布的最新报告，尽管人们对人文艺术类专业存在偏见，但美国和加拿大的人文艺术类毕业生基本全部就业，而且对工作很满意。 这份报告名为《多样的调色板》，谈及表演、设计、建筑、创意写作、作曲、舞蹈、电影、插图、美术等专业。调查发现，不论是否成为了艺术家，87%的人文艺术类毕业生都对他们的工作很满意。82%的人表示，工作中充满创造性。 调查显示，具体学科对就业非常重要。比如，82%有舞蹈学位的人表示他们曾经或者正在从事艺术工作。而在有艺术史学位的受访者中这一数字仅有30%。很多人文艺术类毕业生从事教育工作：57%的人文艺术类毕业生曾从教，27%的毕业生目前正从事这一职业。