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课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语。
(1)虽然friendly是以-ly结尾,在拼法上与许多副词一样,但它却是形容词:
He always greets me in a friendly way.
他总是亲切地和我打招呼。
She gave me a friendly greeting.
她友好地和我打了一下招呼。
He is not very friendly to John.
他对约翰不太友善。
类似的形容词有: brotherly, fatherly, manly, lovely, motherly 等。
(2)a few可与复数可数名词连用,表示肯定,含有some, a small number of(一些,少数几个)的意思:
The police would like to ask him a few questions.
警察要问他一些问题。
Mother is coming in a few days.
妈妈过几天就要来了。
2.Then he lent me a book. 之后还借给我一本书。
像send, buy, give等动词一样,lend可以有两个宾语:一个直接宾语(通常指物),一个间接宾语(通常指人)。(cf. 本课语法)在这句话中,lend的直接宾语为a book,间接宾语为me。
Would you lend me your pen?
能把你的笔借我用一下吗?
Yesterday I lent my dictionary to Mary.
昨天我把字典借给了玛丽。
3.…but I did not understand a word.……但一个字也不懂。not…a的否定意义比单用not要强。课文的最后一句加了single",语气更强。
4.Every day I thought about postcards. 我每天都想着明信片的事。
think about可以指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事:
I often think about the lovely holiday we had last year.
我经常回想我们去年度过的愉快的假期。
What are you thinking about?
你在想什么?
I'm thinking about my friends.
我在想我的朋友们。
5.make a big decision, 作出一项重大决定。
make/take a decision, 作出决定。这是个常用的词语搭配,可以灵活使用:
It was not easy for me to make/ take this decision.
对我来说作出这项决定并不容易。
You have made/taken a wrong decision.
你作出了个错误的决定。
Have you made/taken a decision?
你决定了吗?
6.I spent the whole day in my room…我在房间里关了整整一天……
(1)spend与表示时间的词/短语连用时,意思为"花(时间)"、"度过":
We're going to spend three days in the country.
我们打算到乡下去3天。
spend还可以表示"花钱":
If we spend all the money, we'll be poor again.
如果我们把所有的钱都花光了,我们又会变穷的。
I can't spend any more on this car.
我不能再为这车花钱了。
(2)whole表示"整整的"、"整个的":
a whole year一整年
a whole bottle of milk一整瓶牛奶
two whole weeks整整两星期
语法 Grammar in use
1.一般过去时 (The simple past tense) 与一般现在时
上一课的语法提到一般现在时可以表示习惯性或经常性的动作。在用一般现在时询问有关习惯的问题时可用ever。
一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生,而不指动作持续多久。因此,过去时与表明事情何时发生的状语连用是非常重要的。
像last summer, last winter, last week, last night等这类状语只能与过去时连用,不能与现在时连用,因为它们确指过去的时间。
2.直接宾语 (Direct object) 与间接宾语 ( Indiret object)
许多及物动词后可以有两个宾语,直接宾语通常是动作所涉及的事物,间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,通常是人。这类动词有give, show, send, bring, lend, tell, return, write, pay, teach, make, buy, find等。通常间接宾语在前,紧跟动词;不过,如想要强调直接宾语,也可将它置于动词之后、间接宾语之前。这时,间接宾语之前则必须用介词to或for:
词汇学习 Word study
1.spoil vt.
(1)弄坏,损坏,糟蹋:
The sad news spoiled our weekend.
这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。
The rain spoiled the school sports.
这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。
(2)宠坏,惯坏,溺爱:
Julie loves her son too much. She has spoiled him.
朱莉太爱她的儿子了。她把他惯坏了。
Don't spoil your children.
不能太惯孩子。
2.public
(1)adj. 公共的,公众的,社会的:
There is a public library in this town.
这镇上有一个公共图书馆。
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
星期天我经常去公园坐坐。
(2)adj. 公开的,众人皆知的:
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later.
他们的秘密会晤20年以后才被公开。
(3)n.公众,群众,大众:
The public is/ are pleased with his explanation.
公众对他的解释很满意。
The museum is open to the public on Sunday.
这家博物馆星期天对公众开放。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1.关键句型练习答案
A went (1.1);visited (1.2) ;sat(1.2) ;taught(1.2);lent;read(1.3) ;did not understand;thought (1.4);passed (1.5) ;did not send(1.5) ;made; go up (1.6) ;bought (1.7) ;spent(1.7) ;did not write(1.8)C …Roy died last year…left me…spent a lot of money…bought one or two…never went to the cinema…stayed at home…listened to music…often lent CDs…they kept them…lost many CDs…
2.难点练习答案
1 He paid some money to the shopkeeper.
2 He handed the prize to me.
3 The waiter brought the man a bottle of beer.
4 He sold me all his books.
5 The shop assistant found me some curtain material.
6 He did a big favour for me.
7 She showed her new hat to her husband.
8 She promised the finder a reward.
9 He gave some advice to his son.
10 His uncle left some money to/ for him.
11 He is teaching us English.
12 I bought you this bunch of flowers.
13 Bring me that book please.
14 He offered a cigarette to me.
15 Read the first paragraph to me.
16 I've ordered you some soup.
17 I owe a lot of money to him.
18 Pass your father the mustard.
3.多项选择题答案
1c 2a 3c 4a 5d 6b
7c 8c 9b 10a 11b 12b
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