自学新概念英语第二册笔记 Lessons 14

学以致用

　　课文详注 Further notes on the text

　　1．After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. 在离开法国南部的一个小村庄后，我继续驶往下一个城镇。

　　（1）表示一个大范围中的某一个地方时要用介词in:

　　Beijing is in the north of China.

　　北京位于中国的北部。

　　（2）副词on紧跟在动词后面时可以表示"向前"、"继续下去"等意义：

　　He talked on until everybody had gone.

　　他滔滔不绝地讲到大家都走了。

　　I was reading when my friend called. After he had

　　gone, I went on to read.

　　我朋友来看我时我正在看书。他走了以后我便继续看书。

　　2．I stopped and he asked me for a lift. 我把车停下，他向我提出要求搭车。

　　名词lift的含义之一是"（给步行者）搭便车"、"免费搭车"：

　　Last night, I had to walk home. No one would give me a lift.

　　昨晚我不得不走回家。谁也不愿意让我搭车。

　　I was lucky today. I got a lift soon after I had left the village.

　　我今天运气好，离开村子不久就搭上了便车。

　　3．As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. 他一上车，我就用法语向他问早上好，他也同样用法语回答我。

　　（1）表示时间的固定短语as soon as通常表示"一……就……"，即两个动词之间相隔时间非常短：

　　Tell him the news as soon as you meet him.

　　你一遇见他就把这消息告诉他。

　　（2）表示用某种语言作为交际手段时介词用in，表示讲某种语言时可以不加介词：

　　speak English/ French 讲英语／法语

　　That book is written in German.

　　那本书是用德语写的。

　　He replied the question in English.

　　他用英语回答了这个问题。

　　语法 Grammar in use

　　过去完成时(The simple past perfect tense)

　　过去完成时由 had+ 过去分词构成，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况，即"较早的过去"。在用

　　过去完成时态的句子中，常用的连词有 when, after, as soon as, until, by that time等：

　　When I woke up in the morning, she had already had

　　her breakfast.

　　当我早上醒来时，她已经吃过早饭了。

　　After he had said goodbye to us all, Captain Alison started his journey.

　　当艾利森船长和我们大家都道了别之后，他就启程了。

　　Did you really ring the police?

　　你真的给警方打电话了？

　　It was a mistake. I realized it as soon as I had rung them.

　　我犯了个错误。刚给他们打完电话我就意识到了。

　　I didn't know that she was a famous actress until you had told me.

　　直到你告诉我时我才知道她是位名演员。

　　常与现在完成时连用的副词如already, just, never, never…before也常与过去完成时连用，以强调事件发生的先后次序：

　　The boys loved the zoo. They had never seen wild animals before.

　　男孩们喜欢动物园，以前他们从没见过野兽。

　　在有些用过去完成时的句子中没有明确的时间状语，但通过上下文可以看出动作发生的先后

　　词汇学习 Word study

　　1．ask与ask for

　　ask最常用的意思是"问"、"询问"：

　　I asked (Mary) a question.

　　我（向玛丽）问了一个问题。

　　它也可以表达"请求"、"要求"或"邀请"等意思：

　　They asked Tony to sing a song.

　　他们请托尼唱支歌。

　　They asked her to spend the weekend with them.

　　他们邀请她一起度周末。

　　ask for表示"要"、"要求"：

　　You are always asking for help.

　　你总是要人帮忙。

　　I asked for a cup of coffee, but they gave me a cup of tea.

　　我要的是一杯咖啡，但他们却给了我一杯茶。

　　2．except, except for与apart from

　　3者都表示"除……以外"，有时可以互相代替使用：

　　Everyone has helped in some way apart from/ except for/except you.

　　每个人都帮了点忙，只有你没有。

　　I have no other books except/ except for these.

　　除了这些书以外我再没有其他书了。

　　但是 except不用于句首，except for/ apart from则可以：

　　Apart from/ Except for you, everyone has helped in some way.

　　除了你，每个人都帮了点忙。

　　3．短语 which of, either of, neither of与 both of

　　这些短语都可用于指两个人或两件事。

　　（1）当询问在两个或更多的人或事物中偏爱哪一个或选择哪一个时，可用 which:

　　I like both of these bags. Which of the two do you prefer?

　　这两个包我都喜欢。你喜欢哪一个？

　　（2）either与neither都是对两个人或物而言（后接单数名词）。either指 one or the other（不是这个就是那个），either和 neither 后跟of时则指两个事物中的每一个：

　　(3）both只指两个人或物。当它用在名词前时，of可有可无：

　　Both books/ Both of the books are interesting.

　　两本书都很有趣。

　　当both用在代词前面时，其后必须加of:

　　Both of us/ them left early.

　　我们俩／他们俩都走得很早。

　　I love both of you.

　　我爱你们俩。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises

　　1．关键句型练习答案

　　A 1 I drove on to the next town after I had left a small village.2 I said good morning to him in French as soon as he had got into the car.

　　3 I had nearly reached the town, when the young man said:'Do you speak English?'

　　C 1 After she had written the letter, she went to the post office.

　　2 After he had had dinner, he went to the cinema.

　　3 When I had fastened my seat belt, the plane took off.

　　4 We did not disturb him until he had finished work.

　　5 As soon as he had left the room, I turned on the radio.

　　6 He had been very ill before he died.

　　D 1 regretted  2 had begun/ began  3 arrived

　　2．难点练习答案

　　1 Except for  2 both of  3 Apart from

　　4 asked…ask for  5 neither of…asked

　　3．多项选择题答案

　　1 b  2 c  3 a  4 c  5 d  6 b

　　7 c  8 b  9 c  10 b  11 b  12 b