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[英语] 自学新概念英语第二册笔记 Lessons 15

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发表于 2012-8-20 20:36:13 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式

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  课文详注 Further notes on the text
  1.The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. 秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。
  would 在这里不是表示单纯的过去将来时,而是表示"想……"、"要……"的意思:
  What would you like to have?
  你想要吃(喝)什么?
  John wouldn't lend me his bicycle.
  约翰不愿意把他的自行车借给我。
  2.He did not look up from his desk when I entered. 我进去的时候,他连头也没抬。
  在这句话的look up中,look是它的本义"看"、"瞧"。look up一般表示原先在埋头干什么之后抬头看:
  He looked up(from his book)when he heard a noise.
  他听到声音后就抬起了头。(原先在读书)
  3.I knew that my turn had come. 我知道这次该轮到我了。
  turn在这里是名词,意为"轮流"、"轮班"、"(依次轮流时各自的)一次机会":
  I have already asked two questions. Now it's your turn.
  我已经问了两个问题。该轮到你了。
  When his turn came, he couldn't speak any word.
  轮到他时,他却一个字也说不出来。
  4.'Mr. Harmsworth,'I said in a weak voice."哈姆斯沃斯先生,"我无力地说。
  weak在这里不是指身体虚弱,而是指声音"微弱"、"无力",因为怕被开除而感到紧张。
  5.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
  然后他微笑了一下告诉我说,我每年将得到
  1,000英镑的额外收入。
  (1)extra 表示"额外的"、"外加的"、"份外的":
  On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.
  星期天我通常要多睡一会儿。
  Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.
  他上个月多得了100英镑。
  (2)a在这里可译为"每一":
  I went to London once a month.
  我每月去一次伦敦。
  Jack telephoned Pauline four times a day.
  杰克每天给波琳打4次电话。
  语法 Grammar in use
  间接引语(Indirect speech)
  把某人所说的话告诉另外一个人时,应该使用间接引语(有的语法书称之为"转述引语")。引述动词(如say,tell)可能是现在时,也可能是过去时(最常用)。间接陈述句的时态往往受引述动词的影响。引述陈述句时最常用的动词是say和tell。它们之间的区别是tell后面必须跟表示人称的间接宾语(tell sb….),而say后面则可跟或不跟to +讲话对象。如果需要提到听话者,tell +间接宾语通常比say + to +sb. 更常用。在say和tell后面一般不可加逗号。如果间接引语中的引述动词是现在时,那么其后的时态通常与原来口头陈述句的时态相同。转述刚刚说完的话时通常如此;引述动词如果是过去时,那么间接引语中的时态通常要"往回移"(即"倒移")。一条普遍的规则是"现在时变为过去时,过去时变为过去完成时"。直接引语:
  'I can see him now!'
  "我现在可以见他!"
  词汇学习 Word study
  1.nervous adj.
  (1)神经质的,神经紧张的:
  She is a nervous woman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?
  她是个神经质的女人。你看见她脸上那种神经质的微笑了吗?
  (2)紧张的,担心的,情绪不安的:
  I feel very nervous before exams.
  我在考试前感到非常紧张。
  He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.
  他从未当众讲过话,因此他非常紧张。
  (3)与nervous容易混淆的另一个词是 irritable(易怒的,急躁的):
  Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.
  我们的老师是位脾气急躁的老太太。她很容易生气。
  2.afford vt.
  (1)买得起(常与can连用):
  We can/can't afford a car this year.
  我们今年买得起/买不起小汽车。
  (2)担负得起(损失、后果等),花得起(时间)(常与can连用):
  I can't afford to be ill again.
  我不能再病了。
  I can only afford one week for the trip.
  我只能为这次旅行抽出一周的时间。
  (3)提供,给予:
  Joe afforded us a room for the night.
  那天晚上乔为我们提供了一个房间过夜。
  练习答案 Key to written exercises
  1.关键句型练习答案
  A 1a The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.
  b'Mr. Harmsworth will see you. '
  2 a Mr. Harmsworth said that business was very bad.
  b 'Business is very bad.'
  3 a Mr. Harmsworth told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
  b 'The firm cannot afford to pay such large salaries. '
  B 1 told… would come/would be coming
  2 said…(had) cut
  3 told… had never played
  4 did he say…had done/would do
  5 did he tell…(had) bought/would buy
  6 said…could not
  7 said…(had) worked
  8 told…wrote/writes/had never written
  9 did you say…were/had been
  10 said…would wait
  2.难点练习答案
  1 study  2 office  3 nervous  4 afford  5 irritable
  3.多项选择题答案
  1d  2b  3c  4b  5c  6d
  7a  8d  9c  10c  11c  12b
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