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[英语] 自学新概念英语第二册笔记 Lessons 31

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发表于 2012-8-22 09:26:37 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式

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  课文详注 Further notes on the text
  1.Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 在退休前,弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理,但他小时侯却在一家小铺里做工。
  (1)head在此处的意思不是人或动物的"头部",而是"首领"、"头目",一般出现在"the head of +名词"结构中:
  John is the head of the family.约翰是一家之主。
  Frank is the head of that firm.弗兰克是那家公司的总裁。
  (2) as在这里为介词,表不"当……时",as a boy相当于 as he was a boy。
  2.It was his job to repair bicycles…他那时的工作是修理自行车……
  it为"先行主语",句子的真正主语为to repair bicycles。
  3.He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. 他靠多年积蓄,于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。
  (1)for years表示"许多年"。
  (2)of one's own为固定短语,表示"自己的"、"属于自己的",own为代词:
  He wanted a room of his own.他想要一个自己的房间。
  Do you have a house of your own?你有自己的房子吗?
  4.in one's twenties,(在某人)二十多岁的时候。
  one's twenties/thirties/forties…,二十多岁/三十多岁/四十多岁……10的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确定的数量,与所有格形容词(my等)连用时表示大约的年龄:
  My aunt Jennifer is in her late thirties/early forties, but she often appears on the stage as a young girl.我的姑妈詹妮弗已接近四十岁/四十出头,但她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。
  5.Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. 弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路,微笑了。
  (1)hard意思很多,在这里指"艰难的"、"困苦的":
  She lived a hard life in those years.那些年她的生活很艰难。
  (2)one's early years指某人的早年(生活),意义相近的表达方式为early in one's life。
  (3) the long road to success是一种比喻的说法,因为success是抽象名词。to在这里表示方向、目的地,意义为"朝"、"往"、"向"等,这个短语的字面意义为"通向成功的漫漫长路"。
  语法 Grammar in use
  1.过去进行时与一般过去时
  在第7课的语法中我们学习了过去进行时。它主要表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。与一般过去时相比,它更强调动作的持续性,一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时,过去进行时往往用来表示背景:
  Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.昨天下午弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。
  He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.他正笑着的时候门开了,他的妻子走了进来。
  Last Sunday, I went and sat on the river bank as usual.Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
  上星期天,我和往常一样,又去河边坐着。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍,河面上有些人正在划船。(过去进行时描述背景)
  比较典型的表示过去正在进行的动作的表达方式如:
  2.used to do
  我们用used to do表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯,以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now…,but
  not…any more/any longer等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。
  I used to smoke, but I don't any more/any longer.我过去常吸烟,但现在已不吸了。
  He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他过去是个懒孩子,但现在他很勤奋。
  used to仅用于一般过去时。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do而用used本身:
  词汇学习 Word study
  1.experience
  (1)n.经历(可数):
  I had an amusing experience last year.去年我有过一次有趣的经历。
  He told me about his experiences as a young man.他向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。
  (2)n.经验,体验(不可数):
  They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.他们想要一位有丰富经验的人来承担这项工作。
  Does she have any experience in teaching?她有教学经验吗?
  (3)vt.经验,体验:
  Have you ever experienced anything like this?你经历过像这样的事情吗?
  The village has experienced great changes since 1980.自1980年以来这个村子经历了极大的变化。
  experience的过去分词常作形容词用,表示"有经验的"、"经验丰富的":
  John is an experienced driver.约翰是个经验丰富的司机。
  2.save vt.,vi.
  (1)救助,搭救,拯救:
  The doctor saved the child's life.那位医生救了这孩子一命。
  They saved the child from the fire.他们从大火中救出了这孩子。
  (2)储蓄,积攒:
  He saved (money) for years to buy a car.为了买一辆车,他积攒了多年。
  He used to save letters.他过去常积攒信件。
  3.work与job
  作为名词,这两个单词都可以翻译为"工作",但它们在用法上并不一样。job为可数名词,一般与"职业"、"职位"有关,或表示某人的"份内事";work作"工作"讲时是不可数名词,常指具体的"劳动"、"作业"或"(待做的)工作或事务"等,也可能表示"上班:
  It was his job to repair bicycles.他的工作是修理自行车。
  John is looking for a new job.约翰正在找一份新工作。
  I'm looking for work as a driver.我在找一份开车的活。
  I've a lot of work to do on Sunday.星期天我有许多事要做。
  练习答案 Key to written exercises
  1.关键句型练习答案
  A What was happening: was telling (1.1);was still smiling (1.10)
  What happened: retired(1.2);saved(1.5);bought(1.6);had(1.7);employed(1.9);smiled when he remembered (1.9);opened…came in…wanted(11.10-11)
  What used to happen: used to work(1.3);used to work(11.4-5);used to make(1.7)
  C …worked/was working…sat/was sitting…was looking…were passing…stopped…got…were/had been…used to come/came…used to go/went…were…quarrelled…had never seen/saw…got/was getting…called…hurried
  2.难点练习答案
  1 experienced  2jobs  3job  4save
  3.多项选择题答案
  1d  2b  3a  4c  5a  6a
  7d  8a  9b  10c  11a  12c
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