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课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我穿过马路以便避开他,但他看到我并朝我跑过来。
(1)avoid 以及本课中出现的 enjoy, fancy, mind, finish等动词后面只跟名词性的宾语,即只跟名词或动名词:
They managed to avoid a car crash/crashing their car into the wall.他们设法躲过了一起汽车撞车事故/避免了将车撞在墙上。
(2)running 引导的是分词短语,作状语,修饰 came,表示伴随状况:
She ran after the thief shouting out for help.她一边追赶小偷,一边大声喊叫求助。
2.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him…若再装做没看见他已是没有用了……
这句话中,it是先行主语,真正的主语是 pretending 引导的动名词短语。It is (of) no use doing…是个固定结构(其中的 of可省略),表示"做……也是徒劳的/无益的":
It is (of) no use worrying about your family.为你的家人担心是无益的。
3.No matter how busy you are…不管你多忙……
no matter可与疑问词 (how, who, when, where, what等)一起引导让步从句,表示"无论":
No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.无论你到哪里,都无法忘记自己的家。
No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.无论我说什么,都似乎说得不当。
4.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. 我得想办法不让他整个上午缠着我。
think of在这里的含义是"想出", way在这里表示"办法", a way of后面的部分用于修饰 way。prevent表示"阻止/制止"时其常用结构为 prevent sb. from doing sth., from可以省略:
I can't prevent you from going if you want to.你如果想去,我无法阻止。
5.You're not busy doing anything, are you? 你不忙,是吧?
这是一个附加疑问句,又称反意疑问句,是由陈述句后面加简略疑问句构成。陈述句如果是肯定的,则附加疑问句通常用否定形式;陈述句如果是否定的,则附加的疑问句用肯定形式。陈述句中有助动词时,附加疑问句重复其中的助动词;如果没有,则用do的各种形式构成:
John was angry, wasn't he?约翰生气了,不是吗?(肯定式+否定式)
He hasn't left, has he?他没走,是吗?(否定式+肯定式)
I can see him, can't I?我可以见他,不是吗?(情态助动词作助动词)
You like it, don't you?你喜欢它,不是吗?(没有助动词时加do)
6.Would you mind my coming with you? 我跟你一道去行吗?
(1)Would/ Do you mind…? 是一个用来表示客气的请求或征求意见的结构,其中可以用if引导的从句或动名词结构。表示"同意/不介意"时,用"No, not at all"或"Certainly not"来回答;不同意时往往用一些委婉的说法,如" I'm sorry, but…"等回答,不用"yes, I do":
(2)如果动名词的动作执行者与句子的主语不一致时,它前面可以加所有格形容词或宾格代词,作为动名词的逻辑主语(cf. 本课语法):
I hope you won't mind my staying here.我希望你不介意我呆在这儿。
语法 Grammar in use
动名词的一些用法
(1)在第20课的语法中,我们学习了动名词的基本形式和作用,在第44课的语法中,我们学习了动名词用于某些短语动词
(look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的动词(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式与动名词的区别以及 need 和want之后动名词的用法等:
I like watching TV.我喜欢看电视。(一般行为)
I'd like to watch TV.我(现在)想看电视。(特定)
The strap needs mending.这提包带需要修理。(动名词在这里有被动的含义)
(2)有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式。这些动词包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎,在意),suggest, stand(容忍)等:
I tried to avoid meeting him.我试图避开他。
I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.我就怕遇到奈杰尔·戴克斯。
I haven't finished speaking yet.我还没有说完。
(3)有些结构通常要接动名词,如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, prevent…from等:
I'm busy making meat pies.我正忙着做肉馅饼。
A Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition is worth rescuing.一架状况尚好的兰开斯特轰炸机值得抢救。
He insisted on paying.他坚持要付钱。
I'm interested in acting.我对表演感兴趣。
(4)动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语(即动作执行者,而不是句子的主语):
He insisted on my paying the bill.他坚持要我付账。
I don't think the children enjoy your/his/John's singing.我不认为孩子们喜欢你/他/约翰唱的歌。
Please excuse his not writing to you.请原谅他没有给你写信。
Do you mind my smoking?我可以抽烟吗?
Do you mind opening/my opening the door?你/我可以开门吗?
(5)come和go之后可以跟与户外活动相关的动名词(climbing, driving, fishing, riding, shopping, walking等),表示建议、邀请或叙事:
Why don't we go swimming?为什么我们不去游泳呢?
Come dancing this evening.今晚来跳舞吧。
Yesterday we went fishing.昨天我们去钓鱼了。
(6)感知动词(hear, see, feel, watch等)后面既可以跟宾语加分词结构,也可以跟宾语加不带to的不定式。现在分词往往强调动作正在发生,用于叙述中时使人身临其境;不定式则可以表示动作发生了或过程结束了。有时它们之间的区别不大,可以互相替换使用。试比较:
I watched him climb/climbing the tree.我看到他爬树了。(区别不大)
词汇学习 Word study
1.fancy vt.
(1)设想,想像:
Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你!
Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question!真想不到伊恩竟会不知道如何回答这样一个简单的问题!
(2)想要,喜欢(往往用于指个人爱好):
I don't fancy going for a walk in the rain.我不爱在雨中散步。
It's a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast.天气真好,我想开车去海边。
2.insist vt.,vi.
(1)坚持,坚决认为:
He insisted that he was right.他坚持他是对的。
He insists on the importance of the meeting.他强调这个会议的重要性。
(2)坚决主张/要求,一定要:
I insist on speaking to the manager.我坚决要求/一定要与经理谈话。
My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut.我妻子执意要我理发。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1.关键句型练习答案
C (sample sentences)
1 It's no use trying to reason with him.
2 Let's go swimming.
3 Forgive my interrupting you.
4 Do you deny having taken/taking the money?
5 He came rushing towards me.
6 I'm busy writing letters.
7 I always enjoy going to the cinema.
8 Would you mind closing the door, please?
2.多项选择题答案
1b 2b 3c 4d 5b 6b
7b 8c 9c 10 c 11a 12a
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