自学新概念英语第二册笔记 Lessons 79

学以致用

　　课文详注 Further notes on the text

　　1． A flight attendent would take charge of me…我总是由一位空中乘务员照管……

　　would表示过去经常发生的事，它与 used to的区别参见第55 课语法。 take charge(of)为固定短语，表示"接管"、"开始管理"等：

　　She took charge of the child after his parents died.　孩子的父母去世后，她接管了那孩子。

　　The new manager will take charge (of the company) from next week.　新经理从下星期开始管理公司。

　　2．…only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.……只是有一次把我吓坏了。

　　这是一个倒装句。倒装句的结构为"副词+助动词(be, do, have, can, must等)+主语+句子的其余部分"。它通常用来加强语气，是典型的正式修辞和正式文体。用倒装句的情况包括：

　　（1）句首为否定或近似否定的副词(never, rarely, little, on no occasion, hardly, no sooner…than等)：

　　Never has he got so many letters.　他从未收到过这么多信。

　　Little does he realize how important this meeting is.　他对这个会议的重要性知之甚少。

　　On no occasion must you accept any money if he offers it.　他如果给你钱，你可绝不能接受。

　　Hardly had he begun his speech when he was interrupted.　他刚开始讲话就被人打断了。

　　No sooner had he returned than he bought a house and went to live there.　他刚一回来便买下了一幢房子住了进去。

　　（2）句首为only构成的词组（如 only after, only then等）：

　　Only then did I realize what a mistake I have made.　只是到了那时我才意识到我犯了个什么错误。

　　Only after she had taken off her coat and hat could I recognize her.　只有在她脱掉大衣和摘下帽子以后我才认出了她。

　　3． gain height,（飞机）增加高度，爬高。

　　gain在这里为及物动词，表示"增加"：

　　The car gained speed when it was outside the town. 汽车驶出城区后便加快了速度。

　　He has gained so much weight that he decides to go on a diet.　他体重增加得太多了，便决定节食。

　　4．touch down,（飞机）着陆，降落。

　　After eight hours, the plane touched down at New York airport.　8小时之后，飞机在纽约机场着陆。

　　Don't stand up before the plane has touched down.　飞机着陆前不要站起来。

　　5. Everybody on board was worried …飞机上的人都很着急……

　　固定短语on board表示"搭乘（船、飞机、火车、汽车等）"、"在

　　（船、飞机、火车、汽车等）上"：

　　Tom has never been on board a plane before.　汤姆以前从没有乘过飞机。

　　There was a very important person on board(the ship).　那条船上有一位非常重要的人物。

　　词汇学习 Word study

　　1． plant vt.

　　（1）种植；在……内种植：

　　Trees were planted along the river.　河边栽了树。

　　They planted grass seed on the desolate hills.　他们在那些荒凉的山丘上撒播草籽。

　　Joe plants his garden with many flowers and vegetables.　乔在他的花园里种植了许多花卉和蔬菜。

　　（2）放置，安置；布置：

　　A bomb was planted on the plane.　飞机上安放了一枚炸弹。

　　On that day many policemen were planted along the main street.　那天（城里的）主要街道上部署了许多警察。

　　2．与take有关的短语动词

　　take可以与许多小品词连用而产生不同的含义，与同一个小品

　　词连用时也可以有多种含义，这里仅选其中的一小部分。

　　（1）take off最常用的含义为"脱下（衣服、鞋子等）"：

　　Why don't you take off your coat/hat/glasses?　你为什么不把你的大衣脱掉／帽子摘掉／眼镜摘下？

　　它还可以表示"（飞机）起飞"或"（鸟）飞起"：

　　After taking off, we first flew low over the city.　起飞之后，我们先在城市上空低低地飞行。

　　The plane will take off in half an hour.　飞机将于半小时后起飞。

　　在口语中，take off可以表示"（嘲弄地）模仿"：

　　As a boy, Jim used to take off his elders.　吉姆小时候经常模仿长者。

　　（2）take after表示"（长相、性格等）像（父母等）"：

　　Jane isn't easy to get along with. She takes after her mother.　简不大容易相处。她像她母亲。

　　（3）take up的含义之一为"占（时间、地方等）"：

　　Your books have taken up too much space.　你的书占的地方太大了。

　　This work won't take up too much of your time.　这项工作不会占你太多的时间。

　　take up还可以表示"开始（从事、产生兴趣等）"：

　　He took up tennis/painting two years ago.　两年前他开始打网球／学绘画。

　　（4）take to的含义之一为"养成……的习惯"或"开始沉缅于"（后面跟名词／动名词）：

　　When did he take to drinking/smoking? 他什么时候养成酗酒／抽烟的习惯的？

　　（5）take in的含义之一为"欺骗"（多用于口语中，常用被动语态）：

　　On one occasion I was taken in.　有一次我被骗了。

　　（6）take down可以表示"写下"、"记下"：

　　I forgot to take down his telephone number.　我忘了记下他的电话号码。

　　At the police station, everything he said was taken down.　在警察局，他说的每句话都被记了下来。

　　（7）take over的含义之一为"接收"、"接管"：

　　We all hope that things will get better when the new manager takes over.　我们都希望新经理接管后情况会好转。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises

　　1．关键句型练习答案

　　A What happened: never had(1.4); turned round(1.7); flew back(1.7); told(1.8); learnt(1.10); was searched(1.11); was found(1.12); were able to take off(1.12)

　　What was happening: were flying (1.6); and slowly gaining (1.6); were waiting(1.8)

　　What used to/would happen: used to travel(1.1); used to live(1.2);used to fly(1.2);would take charge (1.3)

　　C (sample answers)

　　1 In the past(but not now),I habitually flew there from Europe in the holidays.

　　2 I am accustomed to travelling by air now (because I have done it many times).

　　2．难点练习答案

　　1 over  2 off  3 in  4 up…up  5 after  6 off  7down  8 off

　　3．多项选择题答案

　　1b  2d  3c  4c  5a  6d

　　7b  8a  9d  10a  11a  12c