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课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. 渔夫和水手们有时声称看见过海里的妖怪。
to have seen是不定式的完成式结构。不定式的完成式用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况:
I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time. 对不起,占了你这么长时间。
I'm glad to have met your family. 我很高兴见到了你的家里人。
She seemed to have cleaned the room. 她似乎已打扫过房间了。
不定式的完成式常用于believe,declare,find,say,see,know,think,understand等动词后(这些动词常用被动语态):
She is believed/said/found to have gone to Australia. 人们确认/说/发现她已经去了澳大利亚。
He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash. 人们认为他在一次空难中丧生了。
不定式的完成式与表示意图、希望等的动词连用时有独特的含义:
I meant/intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so. 我本想/本打算邀请他的,可是我忘记了。
I hope/plan to have finished by 12. 我希望/计划到12点钟以前就已完成。(相当于将来完成时)
2.at times,有时,偶尔。
At times I feel that he is not honest. 有时我觉得他不诚实。
He comes to see us at times. 他有时来看我们。
3.…they are rarely caught out at sea.……它们在海上极少能被捕到。
A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea… 一条小渔船被拖到了几英里以外的海面上……
这两句话中的out分别表示"在外海"、"向外海":
When her little boat was caught in a storm out at sea, she thought no one could help her now. 当她的小船在外海/远海遇上风暴时,她觉得那时没有人能够救她。
Don't sail out to sea in this weather. 别在这天气出海。
4.this was no ordinary fish, 这根本不是一条普通的鱼。
no的否定意味比not(a/an)要重(用于名词或形容词之前、系动词be之后):
They are no friends of ours. 他们根本不是我们的朋友。
This is no easy work. 这绝对不是件容易干的活。
5.made every effort, 尽一切努力。(cf.第78课课文详注)
6.Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man…人们很少能看到活着的这类动物……
creature指包含人在内的"生物"、"动物"。指人时它可以表示怜爱等感情,多用于指女性:
There are many strange creatures in the sea. 海里有许多奇怪的生物。
The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time. 这可怜的家伙/人在那段时间里遭了不少罪。
词汇学习 Word study
1.claim
(1)vt. , vi.(对……)提出要求,认领,索取:
Has anyone claimed the child/wallet? 有人来认领这孩子/钱包了吗?
(2)vt. 声称,断言:
They claim to have seen monsters in the sea. 他们声称看到过海里的妖怪。
He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet. 他断言汤姆偷了他的钱包。
2.wash与wash up
(1)wash指"洗"、"洗涤":
I must get up and wash. 我必须起床洗脸。
She has washed all those clothes. 她把那些衣服都洗了。
Sally can almost wash herself now. 萨莉现在几乎能给自己洗澡了。(wash oneself指洗澡)wash也可以指"冲走"、"卷走":
Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore. 一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来。
The little wooden house was washed away by the floods. 那个小木屋被洪水冲走了。
(2)wash up在英国英语中指"洗餐具":
When you phoned, she was busy washing up (the dishes). 你打电话时她正忙着洗盘子。
wash up也可以指"把……冲上岸":
The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore. 一条巨大的死鱼被冲上了岸。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1.难点练习答案
1 wash up 2 laugh at 3 washed 4 laughed 5 wash
2.多项选择题答案
1a 2b 3a 4d 5c 6c
7d 8a 9a 10c 11b 12d
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