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[英语] 自学新概念英语第二册笔记 Lessons 82

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发表于 2012-8-24 09:28:26 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式

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  课文详注 Further notes on the text
  1.Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. 渔夫和水手们有时声称看见过海里的妖怪。
  to have seen是不定式的完成式结构。不定式的完成式用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况:
  I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time. 对不起,占了你这么长时间。
  I'm glad to have met your family. 我很高兴见到了你的家里人。
  She seemed to have cleaned the room. 她似乎已打扫过房间了。
  不定式的完成式常用于believe,declare,find,say,see,know,think,understand等动词后(这些动词常用被动语态):
  She is believed/said/found to have gone to Australia. 人们确认/说/发现她已经去了澳大利亚。
  He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash. 人们认为他在一次空难中丧生了。
  不定式的完成式与表示意图、希望等的动词连用时有独特的含义:
  I meant/intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so. 我本想/本打算邀请他的,可是我忘记了。
  I hope/plan to have finished by 12. 我希望/计划到12点钟以前就已完成。(相当于将来完成时)
  2.at times,有时,偶尔。
  At times I feel that he is not honest. 有时我觉得他不诚实。
  He comes to see us at times. 他有时来看我们。
  3.…they are rarely caught out at sea.……它们在海上极少能被捕到。
  A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea… 一条小渔船被拖到了几英里以外的海面上……
  这两句话中的out分别表示"在外海"、"向外海":
  When her little boat was caught in a storm out at sea, she thought no one could help her now. 当她的小船在外海/远海遇上风暴时,她觉得那时没有人能够救她。
  Don't sail out to sea in this weather. 别在这天气出海。
  4.this was no ordinary fish, 这根本不是一条普通的鱼。
  no的否定意味比not(a/an)要重(用于名词或形容词之前、系动词be之后):
  They are no friends of ours.    他们根本不是我们的朋友。
  This is no easy work. 这绝对不是件容易干的活。
  5.made every effort, 尽一切努力。(cf.第78课课文详注)
  6.Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man…人们很少能看到活着的这类动物……
  creature指包含人在内的"生物"、"动物"。指人时它可以表示怜爱等感情,多用于指女性:
  There are many strange creatures in the sea. 海里有许多奇怪的生物。
  The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time. 这可怜的家伙/人在那段时间里遭了不少罪。
  词汇学习 Word study
  1.claim
  (1)vt. , vi.(对……)提出要求,认领,索取:
  Has anyone claimed the child/wallet? 有人来认领这孩子/钱包了吗?
  (2)vt. 声称,断言:
  They claim to have seen monsters in the sea. 他们声称看到过海里的妖怪。
  He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet. 他断言汤姆偷了他的钱包。
  2.wash与wash up
  (1)wash指"洗"、"洗涤":
  I must get up and wash. 我必须起床洗脸。
  She has washed all those clothes. 她把那些衣服都洗了。
  Sally can almost wash herself now. 萨莉现在几乎能给自己洗澡了。(wash oneself指洗澡)wash也可以指"冲走"、"卷走":
  Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore. 一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来。
  The little wooden house was washed away by the floods. 那个小木屋被洪水冲走了。
  (2)wash up在英国英语中指"洗餐具":
  When you phoned, she was busy washing up (the dishes). 你打电话时她正忙着洗盘子。
  wash up也可以指"把……冲上岸":
  The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore. 一条巨大的死鱼被冲上了岸。
  练习答案 Key to written exercises
  1.难点练习答案
  1 wash up  2 laugh at  3 washed  4 laughed  5 wash
  2.多项选择题答案
  1a  2b  3a  4d  5c  6c
  7d  8a  9a  10c  11b  12d
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