自学新概念英语第三册笔记 Lessons 21

学以致用

　　Notes on the text 课文注释

　　1  they were known as ‘prizefighters’，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。 be known as…，被称作……。

　　2  until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules中，以when引导的从句是定语从句，修饰前面的年代 1860年。draw up是“制定”、“草拟”的意思。a set of，一套。 Marquis of Queensberry，昆斯伯里侯爵，是指第8位昆斯伯里侯爵约翰·修托·道格拉斯（1844—1900），苏格兰贵族。他制定的“昆斯伯里规则”至今仍是拳击的比赛规则。

　　3  change…into…，把……变成……，bring…to…，把……引进……。

　　4  in his day，在他的全盛时期。

　　day此处指“幸运或顺利的时期”。

　　5  He was adored by rich and poor alike. 人们不论贫富都很崇拜他。

　　rich and poor是固定词组，意为富人和穷人。有的形容词可用作名词，但前面要加the。

　　6  rise to fame，成名。

　　7  Humphries turned against him，汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。

　　8  at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour中，以where引导的从句作Stilton的定语。

　　9  bet on…，在……上押（赌金）。

　　10  It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries…这是一个it的强调句。被强调的部分not until his third match in 1790放在It was之后，句子的其他部分放在引导词that之后。

　　11  be in debt，负债。

　　参考译文

　　两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。

　　拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔·门多萨，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在他的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他崇拜备至。

　　门多萨在14岁时参加了一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起了当时英国拳坛名将理查德·汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败了汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就可多达100英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被人遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。

　　Comprehension理解

　　Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible. Use one complete sentence for each answer.

　　1  Why were boxers known as‘prizefighters’ two hundred years ago?

　　2  Why was boxing very crude in those days?

　　3  What was Mendoza's chief contribution to boxing?

　　Vocabulary 词汇

　　Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: bare (1. 2); injured (1. 5); drew up (1. 8): crude (1. 9); enjoyed tremendous popularity (11. 9-10); adored (1. 10); alike (1. 10).

　　Summary writing 摘要写作

　　In not more than 80 words write a brief account of Mendoza's career from the time he quarrelled with Humphries. Use your own words as far as possible. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.

　　Composition 作文

　　In not more than 250 words, write an imaginary account of the first fight between Mendoza and Humphries.

　　Expand the ideas given below into a plan and provide a suitable title. Your Composition should be in four paragraphs.

　　Ideas: The quarrel ---- Mendoza and Humphries: bets from supporters ---- atmosphere just before the fight ---- the fight itself ---- Mendoza's defeat ---- effect on him and his supporters.

　　Letter writing 书信写作

　　On a full page, show the exact position of each of the following:

　　The address and date; the beginning of the letter; the Introduction; the Purpose; the Conclusion; the letter-ending; the signature; the postscript. Supply all necessary full stops and commas.

　　Key structures and Special difficulties 关键句型和难点

　　Exercises 练习

　　1  Boxing marches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. (11. 1-2) Write two sentences using the words ago and before. (IKS 38) （参见第2册第38课关键句型b）

　　2  … a prizefighter could be seriously injured (11. 4-5). Write two sentences using could and was able to. (IKS 43c) （参见第2册第43课关键句型c）

　　3  The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860. (1. 7) Write a sentence using the construction not … until. (IKS 9d) （参见第2册第9课关键句型d）

　　4  He was adored by rich and poor alike. (1. 10) Note the use of by in this sentence. Write two sentences using by in the same way. (IKS 34) （参见第2册第34课关键句型）

　　5  Mendoza rose to fame. (1. 11) Write two sentences illustrating the use of rose and raised. (ISD 51a) （参见第2册第51课难点a）

　　6  … his young pupil was quick to learn. (1. 13) Write two sentences using the following: pleased to and sorry to. (ISD 13) （参见第13课难点）

　　7  it was clear. (1. 14) Write three sentences bringing out the different meanings of the word clear. Write a sentence using the word clean. (ISD 81c) （参见第2册第81课难点c）

　　8  He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts. (1. 21) Note the form of the verb fail here. Write sentences using a verb after each of the following: afraid of; without; apologize for; congratulate on. (IKS 20) （参见第2册第20课关键句型）

　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择题

　　Choose the correct answers to the following questions.

　　Comprehension 理解

　　1  Richard Humphries offered to train Mendoza because ______ .

　　a．he wanted to learn the techniques that Mendoza had introduced to boxing

　　b．for one so young, Mendoza had displayed an unusual grasp of the game

　　c．he had attended the boxing match which led to Mendoza's early fame

　　d．he was anxious to establish himself as a superior boxer to Mendoza

　　2  At the match between Humphries and Mendoza at Stilton ______ .

　　a．Mendoza lost a great deal of money to the public

　　b．after an hour's fighting Humphries became champion of England

　　c．Mendoza lost twice to Humphries

　　d．the argument between the two men was settled in favour of Humphries

　　3  Apart from the money he earned at matches, Mendoza ______ .

　　a．earned a lot from the Academy which he founded after becoming Champion

　　b．earned so much money that he became a rich man

　　c．greatly supplemented his income by teaching the art of boxing

　　d．was given enormous sums by Lord Byron

　　Structure 结构

　　4  In those days, ______ ‘prizefighters’ because they fought with bare fists for prize money. (11. 2-3)

　　a．they called boxers

　　b．boxers called

　　c．boxers being called

　　d．they were called boxers

　　5  A prizefighter could suffer a serious injury or ______ during a … (11. 4-5)

　　a．even be killed

　　b．be even killed

　　c．even killed

　　d．was even killed

　　6  Mendoza ______ boxing into a sport. (11. 8-9)

　　a．was much changed by

　　b．did a great deal to change

　　c．changed a great deal of

　　d．much changed

　　7  He was so extravagant that he ______ people money. (1. 20)

　　a．always owed to

　　b．always owed

　　c．owed always

　　d．was always owing to

　　Vocabulary 词汇

　　8  One of the most ______ in boxing history was …(11. 6-7)

　　a．vivid personalities

　　b．famous people

　　c．painted images

　　d．imaginative characters

　　9  ---- after a boxing match at the ______ young age of fourteen. (1. 11)

　　a．marvellously

　　b．singly

　　c．exceptionally

　　d．unequally

　　10  Mendoza's ______ to fame was noted by Richard Humphries. (11. 11-12)

　　a．rise

　　b．rose

　　c．raise

　　d．claim

　　11  Humphries soon became ______ Mendoza's success. (11. 13-14)

　　a．jealous of

　　b．disinterested in

　　c．revolted by

　　d．changed by

　　12  Mendoza finally ______ Humphries and became Champion of England. (11. 17-18)

　　a．conquered

　　b．gained

　　c．won

　　d．beat