自学新概念英语第三册笔记 Lessons 27

学以致用

　　Notes on the text 课文注释

　　1  in the light of，依据，按照。

　　2  in terms of，从……方面（说来），按照。

　　3  grudge paying 中，grudge作“吝惜”，“不愿”解，后面要接名词或动名词。

　　这句话中的this service 指上文 to save our lives。

　　4  The conditions of society are such that…

　　such此处为代词，作“这样”解，that所引起的从句，可视为同位语从句。

　　5  be free from…，作“不受……影响”解，后面常接 pain（痛苦）， trouble（苦恼）， danger（危险）一类的词语。

　　6  By having to sleep in the open，由于不得不在露天过夜，这一介词短语作原因状语。

　　7  in times of real need，确实需要的时侯。

　　8  put them in the same class as begars，把他们归为乞丐一类。 the same… as…，像……一样。

　　参考译文

　　据说每个人都靠新概念某种东西来维持生活。根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵费用而抱怨。社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以新概念。

　　在这条普遍性的规律面前，好像只有流浪汉是个例外。乞丐新概念的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。但真正的流浪汉并不是乞丐。他们既不新概念任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西。在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。流浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。他是故意地选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被成千上万桩愁事所折磨。他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？

　　Comprehension理解

　　Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible. Use one complete sentence for each answer.

　　1  Which of the two is it easier to estimate in terms of money: the value of material goods or the value of services?

　　2  How do beggars arouse the pity of passers-by?

　　3  How do tramps differ from beggars?

　　Vocabulary 词汇

　　Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: value (1. 4); estimate (1. 5); perform (1. 6); possess (1. 7); grudge (1. 8); precisely (1. 8); skills (1. 9).

　　Summary writing 摘要写作

　　In not more than 80 words give an account of a tramp's way of life. Use your own words as far as possible. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.

　　Composition 作文

　　In not more than 250 words write an answer to the above passage criticizing a tramp's way of life. Expand the ideas given below into a plan and provide a suitable title. Your Composition should be in four paragraphs.

　　Ideas: Tramps ---- free, but freedom paid for by others ---- selfish way of life ---- unwillingness to assume responsibility for others (home, children, work, etc. ) ---- lazy parasites on society ---- if we all had the mentality of tramps, society would not exist.

　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择题

　　Choose the correct answers to the following questions.

　　Comprehension 理解

　　1  It is very difficult to estimate the true value of the services people perform for us because ______ .

　　a．people's needs vary so much according to their circumstances

　　b．we refuse to admit that surgeons perform a very necessary service

　　c．we seldom should give everything we possess for such services

　　d．such services are paid for in the same way as material goods

　　2  In choosing to lead the life he leads, the tramp has decided ______ .

　　a．he will never need to ask people for anything

　　b．to sleep in the open in order to be closer to the world of nature

　　c．he would rather lead the life of a criminal than do any work

　　d．his freedom more than compensates for the inconveniences of such a life

　　3  In moments of truth we feel envious of a tramp's way of life because ______ .

　　a．we feel that our way of life is undignified compared to a tramp's

　　b．his life is not burdened with the anxieties we are often troubled by

　　c．of the freedom he has from the struggle to keep alive

　　d．we realize that it is better than having to beg for a livelihood

　　Structure 结构

　　4  Yet we might grudge ______ a surgeon for offering … (1. 8)

　　a．a high fee we had paid

　　b．the high fee we would pay

　　c．the high fee paying

　　d．to pay a high fee

　　5  They ______ require anything from others. (11. 12-13)

　　a．do not have to sell anything or

　　b．have nothing to sell nor do they

　　c．have to sell nothing nor they

　　d．have not sold anything and do not

　　6  With so few material possessions, he ______ to move from … (11. 16-17)

　　a．may be able

　　b．is able

　　c．can

　　d．is possible

　　7  We often speak contemptuously ______ tramps and … (11. 19-20)

　　a．for

　　b．on

　　c．to

　　d．of

　　8  But ______ of us can honestly say … (1. 20)

　　a．who

　　b．which ones

　　c．how many

　　d．what one

　　Vocabulary 词汇

　　9  A surgeon is a man who ______ . (1. 8)

　　a．saves people's lives

　　b．gives people financial advice

　　c．performs operations

　　d．insures people's lives against sickness or death

　　10  ---- make it possible for him to move ______ with ease. (11. 16-17)

　　a．here and there

　　b．one way or another

　　c．from square to square

　　d．in every sense

　　11  He may hunt, beg or steal occasionally to ______ … (1. 18)

　　a．make a living

　　b．survive

　　c．be living

　　d．be alive

　　12  We often ______ tramps and put them down as beggars. (11. 20-21)

　　a．convict

　　b．blame

　　c．look down on

　　d．condemn