自学新概念英语第三册笔记 Lessons 53

学以致用

　　Notes on the text 课文注释

　　1  in the interest of，符合……的利益。

　　2  in the belief that…，自以为……。

　　3  be qualified to do sth．，胜任做某事。

　　4  be subject to…，受……的控制，应服从……。

　　5  complaints large and small，程度不同的怨言，large and small 作名词 complaint 的定语。这样两个意义相反的形容词并用时要置于被修饰的词之后。

　　6  in writing，以书面形式。

　　7  in detail，详细地。

　　8  on one's behalf，代表某人。

　　9  in question，当事的，所涉及的。

　　10  put an end to，制止，结束。

　　参考译文

　　斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行的开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。

　　是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年，瑞典议会就建立了一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般都管他叫“J．O．”，即“司法特派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1，200封信。他有8位律帅做他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特派员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。

　　一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地的警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载，司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。

　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择题

　　Choose the correct answers to the following questions.

　　Comprehension 理解

　　1  In what respect does the institution of Ombudsman reflect enlightened social policy?

　　a．Other countries have followed the Swedish example.

　　b．Each party appoints its own Ombudsman to ensure equal representation.

　　c．It admits the possibility of official oppression and guards against it.

　　d．It aims to eliminate prejudice against foreigners living in Sweden.

　　2  The authority exercised by the Ombudsman is impartial in that ______ .

　　a．the complaints he deals with come from all levels of society

　　b．he wilt only take action if written evidence justifies a complaint

　　c．every letter of complaint receives legal attention

　　d．his decisions are not influenced by any one political party

　　3  What happened to the policeman in the case?

　　a．He was sent to prison.

　　b．He was prosecuted.

　　c．He was officially rebuked.

　　d．He was dismissed from the police force.

　　4  The case taken as an example of the Ombudsman's work shows that ______ .

　　a．an official may not be prosecuted until a law is altered by parliament

　　b．the Ombudsman cannot take action if he lacks supporting evidence

　　c．it needs two similar complaints before the Ombudsman can take action

　　d．the Swedish police are corrupt and prejudiced against foreigners

　　Structure 结构

　　5  ______ recognized that public officials like civil servants can make mistakes. (11. 6-8)

　　a．It was the Swedes who first

　　b．They were Swedes who had first

　　c．The Swedes were the first who have

　　d．First it was the Swedes that

　　6  If a citizen has ______ , the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. (11. 16-17)

　　a．the complaint justifiably

　　b．the justified complaint

　　c．a justified complaint

　　d．justified his complaint

　　7  The policeman was informed that ______ complaints were lodged against him, he…. . (11. 28-30)

　　a．the next time any

　　b．after any further

　　c．unless no further

　　d．furthermore

　　8  If the Ombudsman hadn't acted promptly, this unpleasant practice ______ . (11. 30-31)

　　a．might have continued

　　b．might continue

　　c．will continue

　　d．would continue

　　Vocabulary 词汇

　　9  ---- protecting the individual citizen from ______        and incompetent …(11. 3-4)

　　a．efficient

　　b．quick-tempered

　　c．officious

　　d．handy

　　10  The action he takes ______ the nature of the complaint. (1. 17)

　　a．depends on

　　b．alternates with

　　c．differs from (d)agrees with

　　11  The Chief of Police in the district ______ denied the accusation. (1. 23)

　　a．bitterly

　　b．firmly

　　c．mildly

　　d．roughly

　　12  The policeman ______ was severely reprimanded … (11. 28-29)

　　a．questioned

　　b．concerned

　　c．described

　　d．interrogated