2013中考英语语法专题之名词

世纪之星

　　(一)名词的分类

　　名词分为普通名词和专有名词，其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词要注意单复数。

　　(二)名词的数

　　1、可数名词与不可数名词

　　A、不可数名词，中学阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点：

　　1)前无冠，后无复;作主语为三单.

　　2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of

　　eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [ ]

　　A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many

　　There is some_______ on the plate. [ ]

　　A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer

　　2、可数名词的复数

　　不规则变化：

　　man——menm, woman——women，policeman——policemen, foot——feet， tooth——teeth, child——children，mouse—mice，Ox—Oxen, mouse—mice

　　注意：

　　① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes

　　② 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese

　　③ 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 (man doctor — men doctors)

　　④ reef—reefs

　　⑤ “某国人”的复数：口诀是“

　　eg. German—Germans

　　⑥有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。

　　eg:

　　cloth布——,a cloth桌布、抹布;

　　sand沙——sands沙滩;

　　tea茶——a tea一杯茶;

　　orange橘汁——an orange橘子;

　　glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯，glasses眼镜;

　　paper纸——a paper试卷、论文;

　　wood木头——a wood小森林;

　　room空间、余地——a room房间

　　fruit ——fruits ;food ——foods ;fish ——fishes ;drink ——a drink ;

　　3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是 “……的”)

　　A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”;

　　注意：

　　1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”

　　Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲

　　Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.

　　2)以s结尾的词只加“ ’ ”

　　eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father

　　3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导

　　eg. the leg of the desk

　　4)双重所有格：a friend of my father’s

　　a friend of mine ( √ ) a friend of my( × )

　　练 习

　　一、写出下列词的复数

　　1.book______ 2.bus ______ 3.orange _______

　　4.baby______ 5.boy______ 6.my ________

　　7.his_______ 8.knife______ 9.watch________

　　10.sheep ______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf ____

　　13.German__________ 14.Chinese_________

　　二、选择正确的答案

　　( )1.—Are those ______?

　　---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.

　　A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow

　　C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows

　　( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.

　　A. two orange B. two bottles of orange

　　C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges

　　( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?

　　A. a very good B. any

　　C. a piece of D. two pieces

　　( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.

　　A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s

　　C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s

　　( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.

　　A. 20 minutes’ walk B. 20 minute’s walk

　　C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk

　　( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____.

　　A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan

　　C. Mr. James D. James Green

　　( )7.Jack and Tom are ____.

　　A. good friends B. good friend

　　C. a good friend D. good a friend

　　( )8.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.

　　A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minute

　　( )9.He often has ____ for breakfast.

　　A. two breads B. two piece of breads

　　C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads

　　( )10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.

　　A. childs B. child C. children’s D. children

　　( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.

　　A. two months holiday B. two months’ holiday

　　C. two-month holiday D. two month’s holidays

　　( )12.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.

　　A. works B. job C. work D. working

　　( )13.Li Lei is a friend of ___.

　　A. I sister B. my sister’s

　　C. me sister D. my sister of

　　( )14.Have you read ____?

　　A. today’s B. today paper

　　C. the today’s paper D. today’s paper

　　( )15.How many ___ are there in the room?

　　A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes

　　( )16.Many ____ have been built in our city since 1987.

　　A. factorys B. factories

　　C. factoryes D. factorys

　　( )17.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table .

　　A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss

　　( )18.The cat caught two ___ last night.

　　A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices

　　( )19.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.

　　A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes

　　( )20.In our school there are fifty-five ___.

　　A. women teachers B. woman teachers

　　C. women teacher D. woman’s teacher

　　( )21.The three ___ will be put into prison.

　　A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs’

　　练习题答案：

　　1——5 ABCBD 6—10 AACCD

　　11—15 CCBDA 16—21 BCBCAC