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◆ particular; especial; special ◇ particular着重指同类事物中某一个具有独特性质的事例,是相当“一般”而言的“特殊”、“特定”。如: On that particular day the stores are closed. 在特定的那一天店铺都关了门。(平时没有这种现象) ◇ special和especial都有“特殊的,特别的”之意。如: What are your special interests? 你有些什么特别的爱好? Collecting stamps is a matter of especial interest. 集邮是特别有趣的事。 ◇ 不同的是,special还有“专门的,额外的”的意思。如: You need a special tool to do that.干那个活儿要用专用工具。 Take special care of it.对这东西要特别细心。 ◆ persuade sb.to do sth.; advise sb.to do sth.; try to persuade sb.to do sth. ◇ persuade sb.to do sth.意为“说服某人干某事”,其结果是成功的(即成功地说服某人干某事)。如: Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last.汤姆终于说服他父亲戒烟了。 ◇ advise sb.to do sth.意为“劝说某人干某事”,其结果可能是劳而无功(即“说”而未“服”)。如: She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn’t listen. 她劝她的父母戒烟,但他们不愿听。 ◇ try to persuade sb.to do sth.意为“尽力说服某人干某事”,相当于advise sb.to do sth。如: I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed. 我尽力劝他继续学习,但没有成功。 ◆ penny; pence; pennies◇ penny“便士”,为硬币,是英国及爱尔兰等国的货币单位,100便士等于一英磅。pence及pennies都是penny的复数,但用法有别:pence指钱的总额,pennies指一个一个的硬币。例如: This pen costs thirty pence. 这支钢笔卖三十便士。 Give me ten pennies for this ten-penny piece. 请把这枚十便士的硬币换成十枚一便士的硬币。 ◇ “数词+penny”表示“……便士的”,为形容词,作定语;“数词+pence”表示“……便士”,为名词。试比较: five penny五便士的(形容词) five pence五便士(名词) ◆ pity; shame◇ 两者均可表示“遗憾的事”,常与a连用,指没实现某种愿望而感到遗憾、懊悔或可惜,可以换用。例如: What a pity/shame that she can not come! 她不能来真是遗憾! It is a shame/pity that you can’t help us. 你不能帮助我们真是遗憾。 ◇ shame还可表示“可耻之事;令人难堪的事”,指说话人对某种行为感到厌烦、憎恶或讨厌,而pity没有这一意思。例如: It’s a shame to be so wasteful.这么浪费,太可耻了。 It’s a shame to treat animals like that.那样对待动物真是太过分了。 ◆ point to/ point out◇ point to表示“指向”、“指着”,其中to表示方向;point out表示“指出”。EXERCISES:①Mr Li one of these things. ②Can you my mistakes? (Keys:①points to ②point out) ◆ possibly; probably; perhaps; maybe 这几个副词都有“可能”的意思,用法如下:◇ possible“或许;也许”,所指的可能性较小,为加强语气,可与can或could连用;与may连用,表示的可能性更小。例如: It may possibly be true.也许是真的。 Please call me as soon as you possibly can.请尽快给我打电话。 Could you possibly tell me the answer﹖你能告诉我这个答案吗? ◇ probably“很有可能;十之八九”,其语义较强,可能性较大。在否定句中,probably不能紧跟在否定词之后。例如: It will probably be fine tomorrow.明天大概会是晴天。 译:她大概不会来这里。 正:Probably she won’t come here. 正:She probably won’t come here. 正:She won’t come here probably. 误:She won’t probably come here. ◇ perhaps“或许”,含有“可能这样,也可能不这样”之意,其含义和用法与maybe一样,多用于口语。maybe多用于美国英语。在这几个单词中,语义最强的是probably,其次是perhaps和maybe,最弱的是possibly。例如: Perhaps we will be late for work.或许我们上班会迟到。 Perhaps we’d better take a bus.也许我们最好乘公共汽车。 ◆ power force strength 都含"力"、"力量"的意思。 ◇ power 指 "身体上、精神上或心理上的力量, 不管是表现出来的还是潜在的", 如: It's beyond his power. 这是他力所不及的。 ◇ force 指"运用或发挥出来的力量, 可以克服阻力, 使人或物按要求方向运动", 如: He did it with a great force. 他用了很大的力才把它做完了。 ◇ strength 指"内部固有的力量", 表示物质力量时, 着重"体格或构造健全、完善等方面的力量, 如体力强度等"; 表示精神力量时, 指"持久、坚定、无畏、坚韧等", 如: the strength to lift something 举起某物的力。 ◆ prefer…to…;prefer to… rather than… ◇ 两个动词短语均可作“喜欢……而不喜欢……”或“宁愿……而不愿……”解,其后均可接名词。例如: I prefer volleyball to basketball(=I prefer to volleyball rather than basketball). 我喜欢排球而不喜欢篮球。 ◇ 主要区别在于:prefer…to…之后接动词时,均用-ing形式。例如: He prefers walking to cycling. 他宁愿步行而不愿骑自行车。 ◇ 而prefer to…rather than…之后接动词时,均要用动词原形。例如: Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender before the enemy. 刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。 Xiao Wu prefers to work rather than sit idle. 小吴喜欢工作而不喜欢闲坐。 ◆ prepare;prepare for;prepare…for;be prepared for;be(get)ready ◇ prepare sth.意为“准备某事”强调准备的过程或动作,宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者;另有“配置、调制”之意。 ◇ prepare for意为“为……作准备”,for后面的宾语是准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。 ◇ prepare sth.for意为“为……做好准备”。 ◇ be prepared for强调准备好的状态。 ◇ be(get)ready意为“准备好”,着重指准备的结果。be(get)ready to do还有“乐于干……”的意思。 [EXERCISES] 1.We ____ the mid-term examination. 2.Wheat can be ____ in many different ways. 3.The students ____ their lessons ____ the exam. 4.Can you ____ your future job? 5.He ____ always ____ to help others. 6.Miss Li said,“Everyone should ____ before class.” 7.Mother ____ lunch in the kitchen. ANSWER: 1.are preparing for 2.prepared 3.are preparing…for 4.be prepared for 5.is…ready 6.be ready 7.is preparing ◆ prize;medal ◇ prize是表示“奖品”或“奖(彩)金”之意。例如: Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. 1921年,爱因斯坦获得了诺贝尔物理奖。 She took the first prize for her singing. 她获得了唱歌一等奖。 ◇ 而medal是指“奖牌(章)”或“勋章”。例如: Carl Lew is won four gold medals. 卡尔•刘易斯夺得四块金牌。 A medal was given to the brave fighter. 勋章授给了那位英勇的战士。 ◆ put; place; lay 三个词都能作“放”解,细微的差别在于: ◇ put常指把某物弄到某个地方,并把它留在那里。如: Please put the umbrella behind the door.请把伞放在门后。 ◇ place主要指把东西放在一定的位置上。如: She placed the table in the middle of the room.她把桌子放在房间的中央。 ◇ lay常指把某物平放在某处。如: She laid the table for lunch.她摆好桌子准备吃饭。 *注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别。如: ü lie (vi).-lied-lied-lying 撒谎。如: He has lied since his childhood.他从小就一直撒谎。 ü lie(vi.) lay-lain-lying 躺;位于。如: He lay on the floor, reading a book.他躺在地板上看书。 ü lay (vt.) laid-laid-laying 放;搁。如: He laid the book on the table.他把书放在桌子上。 |