ＮＣＥ２ Lesson 20 One man in a boat 笔记

jakke

Lesson 20   One man in a boat

【New words and expressions】（5）

catch   v. 抓到

fisherman   n. 钓鱼人，渔民

boot   n.  靴子

waste   n. 浪费

realize   v. 意识到

★catch    v. 抓到

① vt. 捉住，逮住，捕获

The police have caught the thief.

Have you caught any fish today?

② vt. 抓住，握住

Can you catch the ball?

③ vt. 及时赶到，赶上

catch a bus     赶车

I want to catch the eight nineteen (train) to London.

④ catch的一些固定用法

catch a cold    染上感冒

catch one's breath     摒住呼吸

catch sight of = see     看见

catch fire     着火

catch one's eyes     吸引某人注意力

★boot     n.  靴子

a pair of boots     一双靴子

★waste     n. 浪费

① n. 浪费

a waste of…     浪费……

It is a waste of time/money/food/water.

② vt. 浪费

You are wasting time.

★realize      v. 意识到

① v. 认识，知道，明白，意识到

I went into the wrong room without realizing it.    我无意中走错了房间。

I realized that I was wrong.

② v. 实现（希望、目标、愿望等）

realize one's dream     实现某人的梦想

She has realized her hope to be an actress.

③ 使变为事实，使发生（常用于被动语态）

This plan can never be realized.

【Text】

Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!

参考译文

钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动. 我经常一钓数小时却一无所获, 但我从不为此烦恼. 有些垂钓者就是不走运, 他们往往鱼钓不到, 却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾. 我的运气甚至还不及他们. 我什么东西也未钓到过 -- 就连旧靴子也没有. 我总是在河上呆上整整一上午, 然后空着袋子回家. “你可别再钓鱼了!” 我的朋友们说, “这是浪费时间. “然而他们没有认识到重要的一点, 我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣, 我感兴趣的只是独坐孤舟, 无所事事!

【课文讲解】

1、Fishing is my favourite sport.

fishing是一个动名词，由动词+ing组成，动名词可以作主语或宾语，如eating，reading等等

★fish

① n. 鱼（不可数名词），鱼的种类（可数）

There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in the sea.

② v. 钓鱼, 捕鱼

2、I often fish for hours without catching anything.

for+时间     表示一段时间

for hours=for some hours    数小时

without catching anything作为状语而出现, 表示结果状语。without是介词，后面一定要加宾语, 动名词catching作without的宾语，without 后面的动作是主语来做的。动名词也有动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语。

without通常表示“缺乏、没有”；当它位于动名词前时，表示“不曾、不”

  I can’t repair the car without your help.

  They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.

He went out without saying any words.

3、But this does not worry me.

★worry

① v. 烦恼，担扰

worry sb.  某人为……烦恼，担扰（作动词一定要加人作宾语, 翻译时从后往前翻，宾语担心）

The house worried me. / My daughter worried me.

① adj. 担心

be worried about      ……为……担心

I was never worried about this. = This does not worry me.

4、Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.

instead of…      我原准备做……但是后来做了……（instead of 后面的词一定是没有做的, 可以放在主句后面）

I went to school instead of staying at home.    我没呆在家里而是去上学了

I bought books instead of buying dresses.

without强调没有做某件事, instead of强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事

副词instead“作为替代，反而”，单独使用时一般出现在句尾

  If you don’t want a holiday in England, why don’t you go to Australia instead?

5、I am even less lucky.

less是little的比较级，意为“不及，不如，更少”

  I spend less time on English than on French.

less+原形

A is less…than B       A不如B

6、After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.

spend+时间+在某地       在某地度过……时间

after <conj.>+从句     在……之后

after <prep.>+名词/动词的ing形式    ……之后（从句主语必须是主句的主语时两种形式可互换）

After I go to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一个事实, 不用 “went to” )

After going to school, I learned a lot of knowledge.

介词after的宾语的动名词having spent所表示的动作发生在谓语动词go之前，所以动名词用完成形式。

with an empty bag [wiTAn5emptIbA^] 注意连读

with sth.     有……的，持有……的，随身带着……(状语)

  Who’s the man with the beard?

without sth.   没带……  

I always go home without angthing. 什么都没带回家

7、'You must give up fishing!' my friends say.

give up doing sth. = stop doing sth.     放弃做某事

Give up smoking.

8、I'm not really interested in fishing.

be intersted in sth. / doing sth.     对……感兴趣

  I’m interested in collecting stamps.

【Key structures】　

动名词

动词+ing作名词时称为动名词，它仍有动词的属性，可以接宾语，动名词可以代替名词做主语和宾语或介词宾语。

1、动名词作主语

Watching television is my favourite pastime.     看电视是我最喜爱的业余爱好.

2、动名词作宾语

I am very keen on cycling.   我非常喜欢骑自行车.

He is capable of doing anything.   他能胜任任何事情.

3、利用介词/副词+动名词可以把两个句子连成一个句子

apologize for (not) doing sth.     为什么事情而道歉

I must apologize. I interrupted you.      我得表示道歉. 我打断了你的说话(工作).

I must apologize for interrupting you.

由于打断了你的说话(工作), 我得表示道歉. （for interrupting强调interrupt这个动词）

I must apologize for having interrupted you.（for having interrupted强调interrupt这个动词先发生，强调时间 (having done)）

  以上两者为时间概念不同，意思相同   

congratulate (sb.) on doing sth.     因……祝贺（某人）

He congratulated me. I won the competition.    他向我道贺. 我赢得了这次比赛.

He congratulated me on winning the competition.     在我赢得这次比赛之际, 他向我祝贺.

He congratulated me on having won the competition.

thank you for listening/attending

动名词用表示完成时的having+过去分词结构往往强调动名词的动词发生在前面。

4、跟动名词的短语

be keen on doing sth.（热忠于……）,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事），congratulations on doing sth. （祝贺……）

be afraid of

be up to=be capable of (capable [5keipEbl] adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的)

可以带动名词的介词有：before，after，without，instead of等

  I can’t watch TV without falling asleep.    我看电视时必定会睡着。

5、动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加not。

Exercises C(用括号中的词来连接下列句子, 如需要可对原句进行必要的改动)

2.She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes.

She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.

＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.

4.(After) She heard the news. She fainted.

after+从句； after prep.+doing

After hearing the news,she fainted.     （faint [feint]   vi.昏晕, 昏倒）

6.(On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for cover

on (prep.)+doing   一……就……（两个动作必须是同一个人）

On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.  冲进掩护体

as soon as     一……就……

the moment +从句       一……就……

以上两个主语不一定是同一个人

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